بررسی اپیدمیولوژیک آسیب‌های تروماتیک مغز و پیامدهای آن در شهرستان رفسنجان یک مطالعه توصیفی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس هوشبری، مرکز تحقیقات دانشجویی دانشکده پیراپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری پژوهشی، گروه آموزشی هوشبری، دانشکده پیراپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران

3 مربی، گروه مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری- مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: تروما یکی از مهم­ترین مسائل بهداشتی جوامع بشری اعم از جوامع صنعتی و پیشرفته یا در حال توسعه است که روزانه جان ده­ها هزار نفر را در جهان به خطر می­اندازد. برخورد صحیح و مدیریت مناسب تروما، در کاهش میزان مرگ­و­میر و عوارض ناشی از آن تأثیر خواهد داشت. مطالعه­ حاضر، با هدف بررسی اپیدمیولوژیک ضربات مغزی تروماتیک و عوامل مؤثر بر پیامدهای آن در شهرستان رفسنجان طراحی شد.

مواد و روش ­ها: این مطالعه از نوع توصیفی است و اطلاعات مورد نیاز به روش سرشماری از پرونده­ بیمارانی که در سال 1391 با تشخیص ترومای مغزی در بخش اورژانس بستری شده بودند، استخراج گردید. ابزار جمع­آوری اطلاعات، پرسشنامه پژوهشگر ساخته شامل: 6 سؤال دموگرافیک و 14 سؤال برای تعیین اپیدمیولوژی و پیامدهای ضربات تروماتیک مغزی بود. اطلاعات با استفاده از آزمون­های توصیفی و تحلیلی (فیشر- کای­دو- t مستقل) تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.

یافته­ ها: در طی سال 1391 تعداد 318 نفر با تشخیص ضربه به سر به بخش اورژانس مراجعه کرده بودند که 82% را مردان شامل می­شدند. میانگین و انحراف معیار سنی بیماران 69/17±28/28 سال بود. تصادف سرنشین یا عابر پیاده با وسایل نقلیه سبک با 1/69% موارد، بیشترین علت ایجاد آسیب­های تروماتیک مغز را به خود اختصاص می­داد. در 7/83% موارد، آسیب مغزی خفیف گزارش شده بود. 2/79% از بیماران به بخش­های مغز و اعصاب و جراحی و 1/9% به ICU منتقل شدند. 6/6% بیماران مستقیم به اتاق عمل رفتند. یک مورد (4/0%) از آسیب­های تروماتیک مغزی منتقل شده به بخش اورژانس، منجر به فوت شد.

نتیجه­ گیری: در مطالعه حاضر، تصادف سرنشین یا عابر پیاده با وسایل نقلیه سبک، مهم­ترین علت بروز آسیب­های تروماتیک مغزی بود و تصادفات جاده­ای در این بین سهم بیشتری داشتند. بهبود وضعیت جاده­ها، ارتقای فرهنگ رانندگی، افزایش کیفیت و سرعت خدمات­رسانی در مراحل پیش بیمارستانی و بخش اورژانس بایستی از اولویت­های برنامه­ریزی کلان باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injuries and its Consequences in Rafsanjan: A Descriptive Study

نویسندگان [English]

  • M Hejini nejad 1
  • M Hadavi 2
  • Sh Esmaeilzadeh 3
1 BS, Paramedical Faculty, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
2 Academic Member, Dept. of Anesthesiology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
3 Academic Member, Dept. of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, , Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

 Introduction: Trauma is considered to be among the most important health problems of the industrial and developing countries and has a high mortality rate. Proper management of trauma injuries could decrease the side effects and the mortality rate. The current study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of head injury traumas and its effective factors in Rafsanjan city.

Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted using the patients' files in 2012. The data gathering included researcher made questionnaire including 6 demographic questions and 14 questions relating to the head injury traumas. The data were analyzed using fisher, chi square and t- test.

Results: The results indicated that in 2012, 318 patients had referred to the emergency room with head injuries of which 82% of were males. The mean and deviation of the age range was 28.28+17.69. Accidents with motor vehicles with pedestrians with 69.1% was the leading cause of head traumas. In 83.7% of the cases the head injury was slight and insignificant. 79.2% of the patients had been transferred to the surgery and neurology wards. 9.1% had been transferred to the ICU and 6.6% had been directly taken to the operation room. 

Conclusion: In this study pedestrian accidents with light motor vehicles such as motorcycles were the top factor in the head trauma injuries. The improvements of roads, educational programs for the drivers and increasing the quality and speed of emergency services should become the top priorities in order to decrease the traumas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Trauma
  • Epidemiology
  • Traumatic brain injuriy
  • Rafsanjan

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