ارتباط بین پرفشاری خون و عوامل خطر مرتبط با آن در افراد بالای 30 سال شهر اصفهان در سال 1394

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه پرستاری، عضو مرکز تحقیقات مراقبت‌های پرستاری و مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه پرستاری، عضو مرکز تحقیقات مراقبت‌های پرستاری و مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه پرستاری، عضو مرکز تحقیقات مراقبت‌های پرستاری و مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

4 کارشناس ارشد مامایی، عضو کانون اصلاح و تربیت زنان شهر اصفهان. اصفهان. ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: افزایش فشارخون یکی از مهم‌ترین مسائل بهداشت عمومی در کشورهای مختلف جهان است. این بیماری شایع، بدون علامت و اغلب غیرقابل تشخیص بوده و در صورت عدم کنترل عوامل خطرساز منجر به عوارض کشنده می‌شود. مطالعه حاضر به منظور تعیین ارتباط بین پرفشاری خون و عوامل خطر مرتبط با آن در افراد بالای 30 سال ساکن شهر اصفهان در سال 1394 انجام شد.
مواد و روش ­ها: این مطالعه توصیفی با شرکت 4900 نفر از مردان و زنان ساکن اصفهان که به روش خوشه‌ای و ساده انتخاب شده بودند، انجام شد. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه دو قسمتی مشخصات دموگرافیک و اطلاعات مربوط به عوامل خطرساز پرفشاری خون بود. داده‌ها با استفاده از آمار توصیفی (شاخص میانگین، انحراف معیار و توزیع فراوانی) و استنباطی (مجذور کای، ضریب همبستگی پیرسون، رگرسیون لجستیک و آزمون تی مستقل) تجزیه‌ و تحلیل شدند.
یافته‌ها: میانگین و انحراف معیار سن نمونه­های مطالعه 28/11 ± 57/48 سال و شاخص توده بدنی 1/4 ± 71/26 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع بود. میانگین فشارخون سیستولی و دیاستولی واحدهای پژوهش، به ترتیب 69/16 ± 54/121 و 42/10 ± 47/78 میلی‌متر جیوهبود. ضریب همبستگی پیرسون بین فشارخون سیستولی و دیاستولی با متغیرهای سن، شاخص توده بدنی و دور کمر رابطه مستقیم نشان داد (001/0>p). بین جنس با پرفشاری خون نیز رابطه معنی‌داری وجود داشت (001/0>p).
نتیجه­ گیری: مطالعه حاضر یک تصویر واقعی از عوامل زمینه‌ساز ابتلا به پرفشاری خون در ساکنین شهر اصفهان فراهم نمود. استفاده از این نتایج در طراحی و اجرای برنامه‌های مداخله‌ای برای کنترل و پیشگیری از بیماری پرفشاری خون در این منطقه می‌تواند مؤثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Relationship between Hypertension and Its Related Risk Factors in People Over 30 Years of Age in Isfahan

نویسندگان [English]

  • M Keshvari 1
  • F Taleghani 2
  • M Shahriari 3
  • Z Baghersad 4
1 Asistant Prof, Dept of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
2 Prof, Dept of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
3 Associate Prof, Dept of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Adult Health Nursing Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
4 MSc of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Hypertension is one of the most important public health issues in different countries around the world. The disease is common, asymptomatic and often indistinguishable. If the risk factors of the disease which include an inappropriate diet, obesity, low activity and exercise, smoking, consumption of alcohol and stress are not controlled, the disease can lead to fatal complications in the absence of treatment. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between hypertension and its related risk factors in people over 30 years of age living in Isfahan.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-correlational research was conducted in 2013-2014. This study was conducted with a sample of 4900 men and women selected by using a simple and cluster sampling method in the city of Isfahan.
The research instrument was a researcher-developed questionnaire containing demographic characteristics and information about risk factors for hypertension. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests in the SPSS software version 18.
Results: The results showed that the mean age of the units was 48.57 ± 11.28 years and the mean BMI was 26.71 ± 4.1 kg/m2. The mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the studied units were 12.45 ± 16.6 mmHg and 78.47 ± 10.42 mmHg, respectively. Also, there was a direct correlation between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure with age, BMI and waist circumference (p<0.001). The results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between sex and hypertension. In males (13.9%) it was higher than females ( 98.9%) (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of this study provide a real picture of the underlying causes of people's attitude toward hypertension in the population of Isfahan residents. It is recommended to take these results into consideration in the design and implementation of any interventional program for the control and prevention of hypertension in this area.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Prevalence
  • Hypertension
  • Risk factors

مراجع

  1. Quan H, Chen G, Walker RL, Wielgosz A, Dai S, Tu K, et al. Incidence, cardiovascular complications and mortality of hypertension by sex and ethnicity. Heart 2013;99(10):715-21.
  2. Laslett LJ, Alagona P, Clark BA, Drozda JP, Saldivar F, Wilson SR, et al. The worldwide environment of cardiovascular disease: prevalence, diagnosis, therapy, and policy issues: a report from the American College of Cardiology. JACC 2012;60(25 Supplement):S1-S49.
  3. Afshani MR, Keshvari M, Haghjoo JSH, Rafieian KM, Asgari S. Effects of Citrus sinensis juice on blood pressure and Flow Mediated Dilation. JSHUMS. 2014; 16 (1): 91-8. [Persian]
  4. James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler J, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). Jama 2014;311(5):507-20.
  5. Dananagowda H. A study to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding life style modifications to prevent hypertension among bank employees in selected banks at tumkur. Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka. 4nd ed. India : Jayangar, Bengaluru; 2013: 1-146.
  6. Sharifirad GH, Mostafavi F, Kamran A, Mohebi S, Mirkarimi K. Perceptions of pateints with hypertension from disease and its treatment, a review article.MUI 2013;  9 (6): 561-9.[Persian]
  7. Khosravi A, Pourmoghadas M, Sarafzadegan N, Ansari R, Kelishadi R, Shirani S, et al. Ten yaers trend of hypertension in over 18 years old persons in Isfahan. JSHUMS;6(4);87-94.[Persian]
  8. Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Blaha MJ, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2014; 129(3): e28-e292.
  9. Danaei G, Finucane MM, Lin JK, Singh GM, Paciorek CJ, Cowan MJ, et al. National, regional, and global trends in systolic blood pressure since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 786 country-years and 5· 4 million participants. The Lancet 2011;377(9765):568-77.
  10. Martinez-Aguayo A, Fardella C. Genetics of hypertensive syndrome. HRP 2009;71(5):253-9.
  11. Marteau J-B, Zaiou M, Siest G, Visvikis-Siest S. Genetic determinants of blood pressure regulation. Journal of hypertension 2005;23(12):2127-43.
  12. Aghaei Bahmanbeglou N, Khosrow E, Ahmadizad S, Maleki M, Nikpajouh A. Comparison of Acute and Chronic Responses of Blood Pressure, Pulse Wave Velocity, and Ankle-brachial Index to Two Different High-intensity Interval Training Protocols. MJMUMS 2017;60(3):539-48.[Persian]
  13. Wang TJ, Vasan RS. Epidemiology of uncontrolled hypertension in the United States. Circulation 2005;112(11):1651-62.
  14. Bansal SK, Goel D, Saxena V, Kandpal SD, Gray WK, Walker RW. The prevalence of hypertension and hypertension risk factors in a rural Indian community: A prospective door-to-door study. JCDR 2012;3(2):117-23.
  15. Calhoun DA, Jones D, Textor S, Goff DC, Murphy TP, Toto RD, et al. Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Circulation 2008;117(25):e510-e26.
  16. Fattahi F, kashkouli BM, Zarrati M. Relation of body mass index, abdominal obesity, some nutritional habits and hypertension in 25-65 year old population of Tehran. koomesh 2011; 12 (3) :229-35 .[Persian]
  17. Barikani A, Saeedi F. Prevalence of hypertension among women aged 30+ in Minoodar region of Qazvin in 2009. JQUMS 2010;14(1):41-8.
  18. Awoke A, Awoke T, Alemu S, Megabiaw B. Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study. BMC cardiovascular disorders 2012;12(1):1-6.
  19. Sim JJ, Bhandari SK, Shi J, Liu ILA, Calhoun DA, McGlynn EA, et al., editors. Characteristics of resistant hypertension in a large, ethnically diverse hypertension population of an integrated health system. Mayo Clinic proceedings 2013;88(10):1099-1107.
  20. Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, Adams RJ, Berry JD, Brown TM, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2011 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2011;123(4):e18-e209.
  21. Samad Z, Merchant AT, Narula JS, Virani SS, Corneli A, Pierre C, et al. “All Hands on Deck”: An Imperative for Tackling Hypertension in South Asia. Indian Heart Journal.2017;69(4):430-431.
  22. Pouretedal Z, Ebrahimi MM. Blood Pressure and Its Relation to Obesity Anthropometric Indices. JTUMS 2009; 31(2): 21-5.[Persian]
  23. Marty K, Wolff C, Morgan I. Overweight, diet, physical activity, and hypertension in low-income school-aged children. CJHP 2006;4(2):47-58.
  24. Naseem R, Adam AM, Khan F, Dossal A, Khan I, Khan A, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of resistant hypertensive patients in an Asian population. IHJ 2017;69(4):442-6.
  25. Das S, Minz N, Sahu MC. The relationship of abdominal girth with blood pressure, blood sugar and lipid profile among cardiac patients. JTUMS 2017;12(2):178-82.
  26. Prabhakaran D, Jeemon P, Ghosh S, Shivashankar R, Ajay VS, Kondal D, et al. Prevalence and incidence of hypertension: results from a representative cohort of over 16,000 adults in three cities of South Asia. IHJ 2017;69(4):434-41.
  27. Yusuf S, Islam S, Chow CK, Rangarajan S, Dagenais G, Diaz R, et al. Use of secondary prevention drugs for cardiovascular disease in the community in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (the PURE Study): a prospective epidemiological survey. The Lancet 2011;378(9798):1231-43.

 

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار