تأثیر برنامه تمرینی منتخب یکپارچگی حسی بر مهارت‌های حرکتی و ترکیب بدنی کودکان اوتیسم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران.

4 استادیار، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.

5 استادیار، گروه یادگیری و کنترل حرکتی، پژوهشگاه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: مهارت­های حسی- حرکتی و ترکیب بدنی در کودکان اوتیستیک در سطح پایینی است. از این رو، هدف از پژوهش حاضر تعیین تأثیر برنامه تمرینی منتخب یکپارچگی حسی بر مهارت­های حرکتی و ترکیب بدنی کودکان اوتیسم شهر تبریز بود.
مواد و روش ­ها: این مطالعه از نوع کارآزمایی آموزشی می­باشد. در این پژوهش، از بین پسران مبتلا به اوتیسم شهر تبریز در سال 1397، تعداد 40  نفر بعد از تشخیص قطعی اختلال توسط روانپزشک و معیارهای تشخیصی، به طور تصادفی انتخاب و در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل جایگزین شدند. ابزار پژوهش شامل آزمون تبحر حرکتی بروینینکس- اورزتسکی، دستگاه ترکیب بدنی و پروتکل آموزش برنامه تمرینی منتخب یکپارچگی حسی بود. گروه آزمایش 12 جلسه 90 دقیقه­ای به مدت 3 ماه آموزش یکپارچگی حسی دریافت کردند اما گروه کنترل هیچ آموزشی دریافت نکردند. داده­ها به کمک آزمون آماری تحلیل کوواریانس چند متغیره مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.
یافته­ ها: نتایج تفاوت معنی­داری در نمرات پس­آزمون بین گروه­های آزمایش و کنترل در مهارت­های حرکتی درشت و ظریف و ترکیب بدنی­ نشان داد (001/0>p). به نحوی که برنامه یکپارچگی حسی باعث ارتقای سطح مهارت­های حرکتی درشت و ظریف و همچنین بهبود ترکیب بدنی در کودکان مبتلا به اوتیسم گردید (001/0>p).
نتیجه­ گیری: بر طبق نتایج، به نظر می­رسد بتوان از برنامه تمرینی منتخب یکپارچگی حسی برای بهبود مهارت­های حرکتی و ترکیب بدنی افراد اوتیسم استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of a Selected Sensory Integrity Training Program on Motor Skills and Body Composition of Children with Autism

نویسندگان [English]

  • A Sharasfangr 1
  • E Arabameri 2
  • A Daneshfar 3
  • A Ghasemi 4
  • A Kashi 5
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Prof, Dept of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Prof, Dept of Behavioral Movement, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Prof, Dept of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
5 Assistant Prof, Dept of Learning and Motion Control, Physical Education Research Institute, Sport Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Sensory and motor skills in autistic children are at a low level. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a selected sensory integrity training program on motor skills and body composition of children with autism in the city of Tabriz.
Materials and Methods: This is an educational study. In this study, from among the autistic boys in the city of Tabriz in 2018, 40 people were randomly selected after the definite diagnosis of psychiatric disorders by a psychiatrist and based on diagnostic criteria and were then assigned to one of the two experimental and control groups. The research instruments included the Brininx-Oresetsky Expedition Test, the Physical Fitness Machine, and the training protocol for selected sensory integrity. The experimental group received 12 sessions of 90 minutes for sensory integrity training for 3 months, but the control group did not receive any training. The collected data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance analysis.
Results: The results of the analysis of the collected data showed a significant difference in the post-test scores between the experimental and control groups in their coarse and delicate motor skills (p<0.001). Therefore, it can be claimed that the sensory integrity program improves the level of coarse and delicate motor skills and also improves the body composition in children with autism (p<0.001)
Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in the present study, a sensory integrity training program can be used to improve the performance of individuals with autism. Therefore, parents of autistic children can use these methods to improve mental health in their children.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Integrity
  • Coarse
  • Delicate movements
  • Body Composition
  • Autism
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