تعیین اثربخشی آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی بر بهبود سلامت عمومی و جرأت‌مندی دختران نوجوان مورد سوءاستفاده جنسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد، گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد بین‌الملل کیش، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد بین‌الملل کیش، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: سوءاستفاده جنسی از مهم­ترین عوامل تهدیدکننده سلامت دختران در جهان است. مهارت­های زندگی، مهارت­های شخصی و اجتماعی هستند که نوجوانان با یادگیری آن­ها می­توانند در مورد خود و انسان­های دیگر به­طور شایسته­تری عمل کنند. بنابراین، این پژوهش با هدف تعیین اثربخشی آموزش مهارت­های زندگی بر سلامت عمومی و جرأت­مندی دختران مورد سوءاستفاده جنسی انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه از نوع کارآزمایی آموزشی با پیش­آزمون، پس­آزمون و پیگیری با گروه گواه بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش دختران با تجربه آزار و اذیت جنسی شهر تهران در سال 1397 بودند. 40 نفر با نمونه­گیری در دسترس انتخاب و در گروه­های آزمایش (20 نفر) و گواه (20 نفر) قرار گرفتند. جهت جمع­آوری داده­ها از مقیاس سلامت عمومی (گُلدبرگ، 1972) و مقیاس جرأت­مندی (گمبریل و ریچی، 1975) استفاده شد. در گروه آزمایش، آموزش مهارت زندگی در 9 جلسه به ­صورت هفته­ای 2 جلسه و هر جلسه 120 دقیقه اجرا گردید. در پایان آموزش از گروه­ها پس­آزمون گرفته شد و 2 ماه بعد نیز مرحله پیگیری انجام شد. داده­ها با آنالیز واریانس دوطرفه با اندازه­گیری مکرر تحلیل شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد آموزش مهارت زندگی بر سلامت عمومی (59/3=F، 014/0=p و 22/0=Eta) و جرأت­مندی دختران نوجوان مورد سوءاستفاده جنسی (32/4=F، 001/0=p و 26/0=Eta) گروه آزمایش در مراحل پس­آزمون و پیگیری تأثیر مثبت و معنی­داری داشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: آموزش مهارت­های زندگی می­تواند جرأت­مندی دختران نوجوان را بهبود بخشد و علایم روان­شناختی ناشی از سوءاستفاده جنسی را کنترل کند. درمان مکمل آموزش مهارت­های زندگی در کنار درمان روان­پزشکی روتین این بیماران توصیه می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining the Effectiveness of Training Life Skills on Improving General Health and Assertiveness in Sexually Abused Female Adolescents

نویسندگان [English]

  • M Bagheri Panah 1
  • F Jomehri 2
1 MSc, Dept of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Kish International Branch, Kish, Iran.
2 Prof, Dept of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Kish International Branch, kish, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Sexual abuse is one of the most important threats to the health of girls in the world. Life skills are personal and social skills that help teens perform better toward themselves and other people by learning them. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of life skills training on general health and the assertiveness of sexually abused girls.
Materials and Methods: This study was an educational trial with a pre-test, a post-test and a follow up with a control group. The statistical population of the study was girls with an experience of sexual harassment in Tehran in the year 2018. A total of 40 people were selected through available sampling and were assigned to each of the experimental (20 subjects) and the control (20 subjects) groups. Data were collected using a general health scale and a dare scale. In the experimental group, life skills training was conducted in a total of nine sessions, with two sessions every week, each session lasting 120 minutes. After finishing the training, both groups received a post-test, and two months later the follow-up was done. Data were analyzed using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA.
Results: The results of this study showed that life skills training has a significant positive effect on psychological general health (F=3.59, p=0.014 and Eta=0.22) and adolescent girls' sexual abuse (F=4.32. p=0.001 and Eta=0.26). The experimental group has a positive and significant effect on the post-test and follow up stages.
Conclusion: Life skills training can improve the adolescent girls' juvenile behavior and control the psychological symptoms of sexual abuse. The adjunct individual and family psycho education are recommended to this group of patients besides their routine psychiatric treatments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sexually Abused
  • Life Skills Training
  • General Health
  • Assertiveness
  • Female Adolescents
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