سلامت جامعه

سلامت جامعه

مقایسه اثربخشی الگوهای درمان فراشناختی و مثبت‌گرا بر شاخص ولع مصرف در مردان معتاد به داروهای محرک

نویسندگان
بیژن پیرنیا 1
ستاره منصور 2
زهرا حاج صادقی 3
سهیلا رحمانی 4
علی‌رضا پیرخائفی 5
علی‌اکبر سلیمانی 6
1 دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ، تهران، ایران.
2 کارشناس ارشد روان شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
3 کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی بالینی، دانشگاه علوم و تحقیقات خوزستان،اهواز،ایران
4 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی روان شناسی سلامت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج، کرج، ایران
5 استادیار، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرمسار، گرمسار، ایران
6 استادیار، گروه روان شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
مقدمه: در عرصه مداخلات در حیطه اعتیاد، درمان­های روان­شناختی جایگاه ویژه­ای را به خود اختصاص داده­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­اند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسه اثربخشی دو درمان گروهی فراشناختی و مثبت­گرا بر کاهش شدت ولع مصرف در مردان معتاد به داروهای محرک (شیشه) انجام شد.

مواد و روش ­ها: این مطالعه نیمه تجربی با پیش‌آزمون، ­پس‌آزمون و گروه کنترل، 45 مرد مصرف­کننده مت آمفتامین تحت درمان اقامتی به گونه هدفمند انتخاب و به طور تصادفی در قالب سه گروه کاربندی شدند. برنامه درمان‌های فراشناختی و مثبت‌گرا به صورت گروهی و به مدت 8 هفته به آزمودنی‌های گروه‌های آزمایش ارائه شد. شاخص شدت ولع مصرف در دو مرحله قبل از درمان و دو هفته پس از اتمام درمان ارزیابی شد. داده­های جمع آوری شده به کمک آزمون آماری تحلیل واریانس تک متغیره و آزمون تعقیبی توکی تحلیل شدند.

یافته ­ها: هر دو درمان نسبت به گروه کنترل اثربخشی معنی­داری را ایفا نمودند (01/0>p). همچنین بین دو گروه درمانی تفاوت معنی­داری مشاهده شد و درمان فراشناختی گروهی نسبت به درمان مثبت‌گرا در کاهش میزان ولع مصرف مؤثرتر بود (05/0>p).

نتیجه­ گیری: این یافته‌ها بیش از پیش نارسا کنش وری در کارکردهای اجرایی مصرف‌کنندگان مت آمفتامین را بیان نمود و لزوم استفاده از رویکردهای درمانی مبتنی بر تغییر فرایندهای ذهنی به جای اصلاح باورهای ناکارآمد را آشکار می­ساز­­­­د. 
کلیدواژه‌ها
درمان مثبت‌گرا
فراشناخت
ولع مصرف
مت آمفتامین
محرک
مردان معتاد

عنوان مقاله English

Comparing the Effectiveness of two treatments of Meta cognitive Therapy (MCT) and Positive-oriented Therapy (PPT) on index of Craving for Male Methamphetamine users

نویسندگان English

B Pirnia 1
S Mansour 2
Z Hajsadeghi 3
S Rahmani 4
AR Pirkhaefi 5
AA Soleimani 6
1 PhD Student of Clinical Psychology, Dept. Of Psychology, Faculty Of Humanities, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
2 M.A in Psychology, Dept. Of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
3 M.A in Clinical Psychology, Dept. Of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
4 4- PhD Student of Health Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
5 Assistant Prof. of Psychology, Islamic Azad university of Garmsar Branch, Garmsar, Iran.
6 Assistant Prof. of Psychology, Dept. Of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction: psychological interventions have received a special place in the treatment of addiction. The current study was done with the purpose of investigating the effectiveness of Meta cognitive therapy and positive-oriented therapy on decreasing the intensity of craving in male Methamphetamine users.

 Material & Methods: In A quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and control group, 45 patients (the age range of 18-29 and with average age of 24.2) under Residential treatment center (TC) were selected with Purposive sampling and were assigned randomly into three groups, two experimental groups (n=15) and one control group (n=15). Participants of experimental groups received group Meta cognitive and positive-oriented treatment programs for 8 weeks and participants of control group only received the routine treatment of the center. The index of severity of craving was evaluated in two stages before treatment and two weeks after finishing the treatment. Data were analyzed using univariate variance analysis and Test-Tukey.

 Results: Results showed there is a significant difference between these two therapeutic groups and group meta cognitive treatment was more effective in reducing craving compared to positive- oriented treatment (p<0.01). Also, both treatments showed significant difference compared to the control group (p<0.05).

Conclusion: These findings, more than ever, show the inefficiency in the executive functioning of Methamphetamine users and make the need to apply the therapeutic approaches based on the changing the mental process rather than modifying inefficient beliefs.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Meta cognition
craving
Methamphetamine
stimulus
Addiction
  1. Degenhardt L, Hall W. Extent of illicit drug use and dependence, and their contribution to the global burden of disease. The Lancet 2012;379(9810):55-70.
  2. Shariat SV, Elahi A. Symptoms and course of psychosis after methamphetamine abuse: one-year follow-up of a case. Primary care companion to the Journal of clinical psychiatry 2010;12(5): 29-41.
  3. Pirnia B, Givi F, Roshan R, Pirnia K, Soleimani AA. The cortisol level and its relationship with depression, stress and anxiety indices in chronic methamphetamine-dependent patients and normal individuals undergoing inguinal hernia surgery. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran 2016;30:395.
  4. Pirnia B, Mansour S, Rahmani S, Soleimani AA. Sexual Behavior and Age Differences in Methamphetamine Dependent and Non-Dependent Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM). Practice in Clinical Psychology 2015;3(4):273-82.
  5. Flavell JH. Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry. American psychologist 1979;34(10): 906-11.
  6. Wells A, Matthews G. Modelling cognition in emotional disorder: The S-REF model. Behaviour research and therapy 1996;34(11):881-8.
  7. Wells A, Cartwright-Hatton S. A short form of the metacognitions questionnaire: properties of the MCQ-30. Behaviour research and therapy 2004;42(4):385-96.
  8. Yaghobi AE, Bassaknejad NS, Mehrabi ZHM, Zamiri NS. Effectiveness of metacognitive therapy (MCT) on depressed addicts under methadone Maintenance treatment (MMT) in city Mashhad of Iran. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. 2013;5(1):175-87. [Persian]
  9. Ahmadi Tahour Soultani M, Najafi M. The Comparison of Metacognitive Beliefs and Ambiguity Tolerance among Addicted, Smokers and Normal Individuals. Journal of Clinical Psycology 2012;3(4):59-67. [Persian]
  10. Teasdale JD, Scott J, Moore RG, Hayhurst H, Pope M, Paykel ES. How does cognitive therapy prevent relapse in residual depression? Evidence from a controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology 2001;69(3):347-59.
  11. Barati F. Positive Psychology Techniques: A Guide to therapists. 1nd ed. Tehran: Roshd publication; 1391: 93-121. [Persian]
  12. Rashid T. Positive psychology: exploring the best in people. 3nd ed. Westpoint: Praeger publication; 2008:187-217.
  13. Seligman ME, Rashid T, Parks AC. Positive psychotherapy. American psychologist 2006;61(8):774-89.
  14. Seligman ME, Steen TA, Park N, Peterson C. Positive psychology progress: empirical validation of interventions. American psychologist 2005;60(5):410.
  15. Pirnia B. Methamphetamine difference in executive functions in consumer and non-consumer material. Proceedings of the 1th International Congress of Psychology: 2014 Feb 15-16; Iran, Tehran. 2014: 1-15. [Persian]
  16. First, M, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JB. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders.  1nd ed. New York: Patient Edition; 2002: 81-94.
  17. Sharifi V, Assadi SM, Mohammadi MR, Amini H, Kaviani H, Semnani Y, et al. A persian translation of the structured clinical interview for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: psychometric properties. Comprehensive psychiatry 2009;50(1):86-91.
  18. Poor-seyed MSF, Mosavi SV, Kafi SM. Comparision of the relationship between stress and craving Usage in Addicted to Opium and Industrial Substances. Quarterly Journal of Research on Addiction 2013; 6(24): 9-26. [Persian]
  19. Curry JF, Wells KC, Lochman JE, Craighead WE, Nagy PD. Group and family cognitive behavior therapy for adolescent depression and substance abuse: A case study. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 2001;8(4):367-76.
  20. Fierro M. Recovering from substance abuse: Support groups for gay and lesbian adults: A grant proposal:california state  university,long beach; 2009; 23(5): 49-74.
  21. Pirnia B. Addiction and psychological consequences, the relationship between anxiety and craving index induction in patients treated with methadone maintenance with and without symptoms of anxiety 2016; 3 (2) :33-43. [Persian]
  22. Abolghasemi A, Ahmadi M, Kimarsi A. The relationship between metacognition and perfectionism with psychological consequences in drug addicts. Behavioral Sciences Research 2005; 5(2): 73-79. [Persian]  
  23. Alizadeh Sahrai O, Khosravi Z, Besharat M. The relationship between irrational beliefs and positive and negative perfectionism in students of Noshahr city. Journal of Psychological Studies Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Al-Zahra 2010;6(1):9-41. [Persian]
  24. Saed O, Yaghobi H, Roshan R, Soltani M. Comparison of dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs among substance abusers and non-abusers. Quarterly Journal of Research on Addiction 2011; 5(7): 75-90. [Persian]  
  25. Toneatto T. Metacognition and substance use. Addictive behaviors 1999;24(2):167-74.
  26. Yaghobi E, Ardame A, Hamid N. Clinical trial Effectiveness of techniques detached Mindfulness On anxiety of addicts with methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in Ahvaz. Proceeding of the 4th Iranian Psychological Association Congress; 2013 Feb 19-21; Iran, Tehran. 2013: 23-34.
سلامت جامعه
دوره 10، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 28
28
تابستان 1395
صفحه 42-51