Community Health Journal

Community Health Journal

The Relationship between the Aspects of Emotion Regulation as Well as Early Maladaptive Schema and Social Anxiety in Married Women Isfahan city, 2015

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
SH Mohammadi 1
HM Neshat Doust 2
1 MSc, Dept of Psychology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
2 Prof, Dept of psychology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
10.22123/chj.2018.85265
Abstract
Introduction: One of the most common and troublesome types of anxiety is social anxiety in which individuals experience extreme fear and anxiety when they are faced with society. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between the aspects of emotion regulation and social anxiety in married women.
Materials and Methods: The research method was correlational. The statistical population included all married women in Isfahan in 2014 from whom 313 were selected through clustered random sampling method. The research instruments were Cotter et.al (2000) social anxiety questionnaire, Young's early maladaptive schema and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, the descriptive analysis method and Pearson correlation statistical method software were applied in SPSS18.
Result: Findings showed that the first, second and fifth early maladaptive schemata had a positive significant relationship with social anxiety (p=0.01). Moreover, from the aspects of emotion regulation, the components of self-reproach, mental rumination, catastrophic imagination and reproaching others had a positive significant relationship with social anxiety (p=0.01). However, this relationship was significantly negative with the variables of positive re-evaluation and positive re-attention (p=0.01).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, in order to investigate the social anxiety among women, the role of early maladaptive schemata and their cognitive emotion regulation should be adequately taken into account. 
Keywords
social anxiety disorder
Early maladaptive schemata
emotional regulation
Women
  1. Murray L, Cooper P, Creswell C, Schofield E, Sack C. The effects of maternal social phobia on mother–infant interactions and infant social responsiveness. JCPP 2007;48(1):45-52.
  2. Gangi H. Psychopathology based by DSM5. 1nd ed . Tehran: Savalan Publication; 2014: 235-6.[Persian]
  3. Magnus NM, Sindinga AI, Carlbring P, Andersson G, Odd E, Havik AB,etal. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy with and without a initial face-to-face psycho education session for social anxiety disorder. Internet Interventions 2015; 2: 429-36.
  4. Shafran R, Clark D, Fairburn C, Arntz A, Barlow D, Ehlers A, et al. Mind the gap: Improving the dissemination of CBT. Behaviour research and therapy 2009;47(11):902-9.
  5. Kessler RC, Petukhova M, Sampson NA, Zaslavsky AM, Wittchen HU. Twelve‐month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States. IJMPR 2012;21(3):169-84.
  6. Fink M, Akimova E, Spindelegger C, Hahn A, Lanzenberger R, Kasper S. Social anxiety disorder: epidemiology, biology and treatment. Psychiatria Danubina 2009;21(4):533-42.
  7. Heimberg RG. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder: current status and future directions. Biological psychiatry 2002;51(1):101-8.
  8. Bosse T, Pontier M, Treur J. A computational model based on Gross’ emotion regulation theory. CSR 2010;11(3):211-30.
  9. Rottenberg J, Gross JJ. When emotion goes wrong: Realizing the promise of affective science. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 2003;10(2):227-32.
  10. Amstadter A. Emotion regulation and anxiety disorders. JAD 2008;22(2):211-21.
  11. Kashdan TB, Breen WE. Social anxiety and positive emotions: A prospective examination of a self-regulatory model with tendencies to suppress or express emotions as a moderating variable. Behavior Therapy 2008;39(1):1-12.
  12. Mennin DS, Heimberg RG, Turk CL, Fresco DM. Preliminary evidence for an emotion dysregulation model of generalized anxiety disorder. BRT 2005;43(10):1281-310.
  13. Aldao A, Nolen-Hoeksema S. Specificity of cognitive emotion regulation strategies: A transdiagnostic examination. BRT 2010;48(10):974-83.
  14. Martin RC, Dahlen ER. Cognitive emotion regulation in the prediction of depression, anxiety, stress, and anger. PID 2005;39(7):1249-60.
  15. Turk CL, Heimberg RG, Luterek JA, Mennin DS, Fresco DM. Emotion dysregulation in generalized anxiety disorder: A comparison with social anxiety disorder. CTR 2005;29(1):89-106.
  16. Mennin DS, Holaway RM, Fresco DM, Moore MT, Heimberg RG. Delineating components of emotion and its dysregulation in anxiety and mood psychopathology. Behavior therapy 2007;38(3):284-302.
  17. Sung SC, Porter E, Robinaugh DJ, Marks EH, Marques LM, Otto MW, et al. Mood regulation and quality of life in social anxiety disorder: An examination of generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation. JAD 2012;26(3):435-41.
  18. Dalbudak E, Evren C, Aldemir S, Coskun KS, Yıldırım FG, Ugurlu H. Alexithymia and personality in relation to social anxiety among university students. Psychiatry research 2013;209(2):167-72.
  19. Young J. Cognitive therapy of personality disorders, schema-driven approach. Translated by Ali Sahib and Hassan Hamidpour. 1nd ed .Tehran: Agah Pub; 2005: 124.[Persian]
  20. Thimm JC. Mediation of early maladaptive schemas between perceptions of parental rearing style and personality disorder symptoms. JBTEP2010;41(1):52-9.
  21. Renner F, LobbestaelJ, Peeters F, Arntz A, Huibers M. Early maladaptive schemas in depressed patients: Stability and relation with depressive symptoms over the course of treatment. Journal of Affective Disorders 2012; 136(3): 581-590.
  22. Nordahl HM, Holthe H, Haugum JA. Early maladaptive schemas in patients with or without personality disorders: does schema modification predict symptomatic relief? CPP 2005;12(2):142-9.
  23. Hamidpour H, Dolatshahi B, Pourshahbaz E, Dadkhah A. Schema efficacy in the treatment of patients with generalized anxiety disorder . PCPJ 2010; 16(4): 420 -31. [Persian]
  24. Salari Z. (dissertation).The Relationship between maladaptive schema and defects in the regulation of emotional anxiety in the Persian Gulf University. Boshehr: Persian Gulf University - Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences; 2013: 77-8. [Persian]
  25. Bosmans G, Braet C, Van Vlierberghe L. Attachment and symptoms of psychopathology: early maladaptive schemas as a cognitive link? CPP 2010;17(5):374-85.
  26. Haghighat Manesh E, Baf AMS, Reza H, Ghanbari Hashem Abadi BA, Mahram B. Early maladaptive schemas and schema domains in rapists. IJPCP 2010;16(2):145-53.[Persian]
  27. Arefnia S, Serandi P, Yousefi R. Compare schema primary school students and normal students in the school anxiety.JSP 2012; 1(4): 74-89. [Persian]
  28. Werner KH, Goldin PR, Ball TM, Heimberg RG, Gross JJ. Assessing emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder: The emotion regulation interview. JPPBA 2011;33(3):346-54.
  29. Samani S, Sadeqi L. Check the adequacy of psychometric cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. JPMM 2010; 1 (1): 51-62. [Persian]
  30. Coutinho J, Ribeiro E, Ferreirinha R, Dias P. The Portuguese version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and its relationship with psychopathological symptoms. Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo) 2010;37(4):145-51.
  31. Lotfi R, Donyavi V, Khosravi Z. Early maladaptive schemas for soldiers suffering from personality disorders and healthy soldiers. JMMUIRI 2007, 5 (2):1261-66. [Persian]
  32. Pour Mohammad V. (dissertation). Comparison  of Early maladaptive schemas and style of life and non-drug-dependent individuals. Tabriz: Shahid madani university; 2013: 24-25.(Persian).
  33. Tale S. (dissertation). Comparison  of Early maladaptive schemas and styles of cognitive emotion regulation in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and normal individuals. Tabriz: Shahid madani university; 2012: 33-4. [Persian]
  34. Pakdel Y. (dissertation). Compare schema of the ordinary people and the absolute city of Sabzevar, General Psychology. Rodehen: Islamic Azad University, Rodehen Breach; 2010: 64. [Persian]
  35. Johnston C, Dorahy MJ, Courtney D, Bayles T, O'Kane M. Dysfunctional schema modes, childhood trauma and dissociation in borderline personality disorder. JBTEP 2009;40(2):248-55.