Community Health Journal

Community Health Journal

The Effectiveness of Training of Mental Rehabilitation Techniques on Psychological Nerve Function in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
E Rafiei 1
M S Bozorgzadeh 2
R Esmail Darjani 1
AR Sangani 3
1 MSc, Dept of Psychology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran.
2 MSc, Dept of Psychology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.
3 Assistant Prof, Dept of Cultural Psychopathology, Farabi Psychological Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran, Iran.
10.22123/chj.2020.231433.1508
Abstract
Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder causes a defect in psychological nerve function. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the effect of training mental rehabilitation techniques on the psychological nerve function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Materials and Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental with a pretest/posttest and a control group. The statistical population included all students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder aged 7-9 in 2020 referred to the Education Counseling Clinic of District 1 of Gorgan. Later, 30 children were selected by the available method and were randomly assigned to two groups. The children's symptom inventory and the Wisconsin Card Classification Test were used. On children in the test group, the intervention program was performed in 8 sessions of 1 hour per week. No intervention was performed for the control group. Univar ate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the collected data.
Results: The results showed that mean and standard deviation of the pretest and posttest of the test group were 22.84±2.58 and 29.45±3.69, and also mean and standard deviation of the pretest and posttest of the control group were 22.71±2.41 and 22.94±2.77. Further, training of mental rehabilitation techniques affected the psychological nerve function of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Due to the effectiveness of training mental retraining techniques on improving the psychological nerve function, this method can be used as an effective treatment by therapists to improve the neurological function of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
 
Keywords
Rehabilitation
Neurological function
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  1. Van Dessel J, Sonuga-Barke E, Moerkerke M, Van der Oord S, Lemiere J, Morsink S, et al. The amygdala in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: structural and functional correlates of delay aversion. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry 2019; 2(1):1-12.
  2. Nagata M, Nagata T, Inoue A, Mori K, Matsuda S. Effect modification by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms on the association of psychosocial work environments with psychological distress and work engagement. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2019;10:166.
  3. Bahrami M, Yousefi F, Bahrami A, Farazi E, Bahrami A. The Prevalence of Attention Deficit–Hyperactivity Disorder and related factors, among elementary school student in Kamyaran city in 2014-2015. Shenakht journal of psychology & psychiatry 2016;3(3):1-11. [Persian]
  4. Elsheikh S, Kuusikko-Gauffin S, Loukusa S, Omar M, Riad G, Ebeling H, et al. Neuropsychological Performance of Egyptian Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Psychology 2017;8(09):1280-1300.
  5. Willoughby MT, Wylie AC, Blair CB. Using Repeated-Measures Data to Make Stronger Tests of the Association between Executive Function Skills and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptomatology in Early Childhood. Journal of abnormal child psychology 2019;47(11):1759-70.
  6. Karalunas SL, Hawkey E, Gustafsson H, Miller M, Langhorst M, Cordova M, et al. Overlapping and distinct cognitive impairments in attention-deficit/hyperactivity and autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disability. Journal of abnormal child psychology 2018;46(8):1705-16.
  7. Chou C-C, Huang C-J. Effects of an 8-week yoga program on sustained attention and discrimination function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. PeerJ 2017;5:e2883.
  8. Shang C-Y, Lin H-Y, Gau SS-F. Effects of the dopamine transporter gene on striatal functional connectivity in youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychological Medicine 2020:1-11.
  9. Asherson P, Agnew‐Blais J. Annual Research Review: Does late‐onset attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder exist? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2019;60(4):333-52.
  10. Huguet A, Ruiz DM, Haro JM, Alda JA. A pilot study of the efficacy of a mindfulness program for children newly diagnosed with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Impact on core symptoms and executive functions. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy 2017;17(3):305-16.
  11. Bos DJ, Oranje B, Achterberg M, Vlaskamp C, Ambrosino S, de Reus MA, et al. Structural and functional connectivity in children and adolescents with and without attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2017;58(7):810-8.
  12. Kiani B, Hadianfard H, Mitchell JT. The impact of mindfulness meditation training on executive functions and emotion dysregulation in an Iranian sample of female adolescents with elevated attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Australian Journal of Psychology 2017;69(4):273-82. [Persian]
  13. Kingdon D, Cardoso C, McGrath JJ. Research Review: Executive function deficits in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder–a meta‐analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2016;57(2):116-31.
  14. Ahmadi A, Arjmandnia AA, Azizi MP, Motiee S. The Effectiveness of Computer-based Executive Function Training on Cognitive Characteristics and Math Achievement of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of Pediatric Nursing 2017;4(1):43-50. [Persian]
  15. Najian A, Najati V. Effectiveness of motor based cognitive rehabilitation on improvement of sustained attention and cognitive flexibility of children with ADHD. The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine (SJRM) 2017;6(4):1-12. [Persian]
  16. Park K, Kihl T, Park S, Kim M-J, Chang J. Fairy tale directed game-based training system for children with ADHD using BCI and motion sensing technologies. Behaviour & Information Technology 2019;38(6):564-77.
  17. Morris SS, Musser ED, Tenenbaum RB, Ward AR, Martinez J, Raiker JS, et al. Emotion regulation via the autonomic nervous system in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): replication and extension. Journal of abnormal child psychology  2020;48(3):361-73.
  1. Kalantari M, Neshat Doost H, Zarei M. The Effect of Parental Behavioral Education and Drug Therapy on the Symptoms of Overactive Symptoms in Children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal  of Psychology 2001;5(2): 118-35. [Persian]
  2. Vierhile A, Robb A, Ryan-Krause P. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: closing diagnostic, communication, and treatment gaps. Journal of Pediatric Health Care 2009;23(1):S5-S21.
  3. Gadow KD, Sprafkin J. Child Symptom Inventory CSI4. 1nd ed. New York: Checkmate Plus; 1997-56-7.
  4. Grant DA, Berg E. A behavioral analysis of degree of reinforcement and ease of shifting to new responses in a Weigl-type card-sorting problem. Journal of experimental psychology 1948;38(4):404-15.
  5. Comparison of executive function and sustained attention in students with obsessive-compulsive, high schizotypal and overlapping symptoms with the normal group. Journal  of research in behavioural sciences 2011;9(19):216-21. [Persian]
  6. Schweighardt SL, Sachs ML, Hineline PN. Goal-Directed, Nature-Based Physical Activity Training Program Improves Personal Management Behavior of an Adolescent Female with Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder. Ecopsychology 2018;10(4):301-16.
  7. Antshel KM. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and entrepreneurship. Academy of Management Perspectives 2018;32(2):243-65.
  8. Atigh A, Zarei MA. The effect of cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT) on the executive functions of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Chronic Diseases Journal 2019;7(3):137-47. [Persian]