تبیین نیازهای مشاوره‌ای زنان در مورد سرطان پستان: مطالعه‌ای کیفی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، بهداشت جامعه و ارتقاء سلامت زنان، گروه مامایی، مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر سلامت، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 مربی، گروه مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان، رشت، ایران

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آموزش بهداشت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان، رشت،ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: در ایران مانند سایر کشورها میزان بروز سرطان پستان در حال افزایش می­باشد و این بیماری معمولاً در مراحل پیشرفته تشخیص داده می­شوند. این پژوهش با هدف تبیین نیازهای مشاوره­ای زنان در مورد سرطان پستان انجام شد.

مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه از تحلیل محتوای کیفی و برای تبیین نیازهای مشاوره‌ای زنان از بحث گروهی متمرکز با 56 نفر زن 77-17 سال در قالب 8 گروه متمرکز 8-6 نفره استفاده شد. مشارکت‌کنندگان از بین زنان مراجعه‌کننده به درمانگاه مراقبت دوران بارداری، زنان و تنظیم خانواده در مرکز آموزشی درمانی الزهراء (س) شهر رشت در سال 1391 به روش هدفمند انتخاب شدند. کلیه تعاملات کلامی مشارکت‌کنندگان با استفاده از دستگاه ضبط صدای دیجیتالی ضبط گردید و به همراه تعاملات غیرکلامی ثبت شده مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. تحلیل داده‌ها به روش تحلیل محتوای قراردادی و بر اساس مراحل پیشنهادی گرانهایم و لاندمن انجام شد.

یافته‌ها: میانگین و انحراف معیار بعضی شرکت­ کنندگان 8/12± 5/36 سال بود. تحلیل داده‌ها منجر به ظهور 3 درون‌مایه اصلی بهبود دانش و شناخت از بیماری (نیازهای آموزشی-اطلاعاتی)،  توجه به باورها و پنداشت­های مرتبط با بیماری (نیازهای پنداشتی- اعتقادی)، ارتقای سلامت فردی (نیازهای مراقبتی) و 6 درون‌مایه فرعی شد.

نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه، طراحی و تدوین برنامه‌های آموزشی و مشاوره‌ای مؤثر و کارآمد در جهت ارتقای دانش بهداشتی، اصلاح نگرش و برداشت‌های غیرواقعی و نادرست زنان و نیز ترویج رفتار و عملکرد خود مراقبتی آنان در زمینه پیشگیری از سرطان پستان به ‌عنوان شایع‌ترین سرطان زنان، بیش از پیش احساس می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Explaining the Counseling Needs of Women with Breast Cancer: a Qualitative Study

نویسندگان [English]

  • S Pakseresht 1
  • F Rafat 2
  • SM Rahebi 2
  • M Ghasemi pour 3
1 Associate Prof, Women Health Promotion, Community Health. Dept. of Obstetrics, Social Determined on Health Research Center (SDHRC), Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
2 Lecturer, Midwifery. Dept of Obstetrics Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
3 Health Education Student, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: As in the other countries, breast cancer is increasing in Iran, and usually it is diagnosed at an advanced stage. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the needs of counseling women about breast cancer.

Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative study and data were gathered through Focus Group Discussion (FGDs), which was conducted on 56 women (age range 17-77 years) referring to gynecology, family planning and  prenatal care clinics  at Al- Zahra Educational Hospital in Rasht, Iran in 2012. Data were gathered by semi-structured interviews and investigator-recorded responses. At the end of each session, all responses verbal and non verbal were summarized exactly. In the end collected data were analyzed by using quality content analysis. Data analysis and content analysis was done according to recommended steps Granhaym and Landman.

Results: In this study, the mean age was 36.5 ± 12.8 years.  Data analysis led to the emergence of three main themes of improving knowledge and understanding of the disease (educational-informational needs), according to the beliefs and assumptions associated with the disease (Assumption –believes needs), improve personal health (care needs) and six sub-themes.

Conclusions: The results of this study indicate a need for the design and development of training programs and consulting services more effectively and efficiently in order to promote health knowledge, attitude and unrealistic and inaccurate perceptions of women. Promoting their self care behaviors and the prevention of breast cancer is more crucial than ever.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • breast cancer
  • counseling
  • Health care needs
  • Women
  • Qualitative study

مراجع

  1. Berek JS. Berek and Novak’s Gynecology. 15nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins; 2012: 274-323.
  2. Karaöz B, Aksu H, Küçük M. A qualitative study of the information needs of premenopausal women with breast cancer in terms of contraception, sexuality, early menopause, and fertility. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 2010;109(2):118-20.
  3. Yavari P. Effect of  reproductive factors associated with breast cancer risk in a case-control study .Iranian Journal of Epidemiology 2005; 20(1):  11-9. [Persian]
  4. Khalegh NT, Khalegh NA. The Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior towards Breast Cancer Screening Methods among Female Teachers in Tehran. Iranian Journal of Surgery 2008; 16(1):46-54. [Persian]
  5. Hatefnia E,  Niknami SH, Mahmodi M, Ghofranipor F, Lamieeyan M.  Effect of education on health belief model on knowledge, attitude and practice of women working in Tehran pharmaceutical factories in the field of breast cancer and mammography .Journal of Kermansha University of Medical Sciences 2010; 14  (1): 42-53. [Persian]
  6. Fasihee  HT, Anosheh M, Ghofranipor F , Montazeri A, Ahmadi F, Mohamadi E, etal. Quality of life in women with breast cancer: a qualitative study.payash journal 2011; 11(1) : 73-81. [Persian]
  7. Alavi GH, Hosieni NJ, Fatahe MA, Saker MT. "Evaluation of breast and cervical cancer screening among obstetricians"."Iran Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 2010; 13(1): 1 – 6. [Persian]
  8. Yavari P, Mehrabi Y, Pourhoseinqoli MA. Awareness and action of women toward breast self-examination: a case-control study. The journal of Ardabel University of Medical Sciences 2006; 5 (4):371-7. [Persian]
  9. Rastad H, Shokohi L, Dehghani SL, Motamed JM. Assessment of the Awareness and Practice of Women vis-à-vis Breast Self-Examination in Fasa in 2011. Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences 2013;3(1):75-80. [Persian]
  10. Naghibi A,  Shojai zadeh D,   Yazdani J ,   Montazeri A. Breast cancer preventive behaviors among Iranian women: a systematic review. Payesh, Journal of the Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research2015; 14(1): 181-91. [Persian]
  11. Shiryazdi SM, Kargar S, Farahbod AR, Neamatzadeh H, Ghasemi N, Aboueian JM. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Women Referring to Yazd City Health Centers regarding Breast Cancer Screening 2014; 3(2):80-95. [Persian]
  12. Abdallah AS, ElGharabawy RM, ALSuhaibany HO. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Breast Cancer among Women in Saudi Arabia. International Archives of Medicine 2015;8(248):1-13.
  13. Sim H, Seah M, Tan S. Breast cancer knowledge and screening practices: a survey of 1,000 Asian women. Singapore medical journal 2009;50(2):132-8.
  14. Khademi M, Sajadi HM. Breast Cancer: A phenomenological study. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences 2009; 12(1): 29-39. [Persian]
  15. Yang R-J, Huang L-H, Hsieh Y-S, Chung U-L, Huang C-S, Bih H-D. Motivations and reasons for women attending a Breast Self-Examination training program: A qualitative study. BMC women's health 2010;10(1):23.
  16. Loh SY, Chew S. Awareness and practice of breast self examination among Malaysian women with breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011;12(1):199-202.
  17. Lamieeyan M, Hydarnia A,  Ahmadi F, Fagheh zadeh S, Agilar VM. Control behavior breast cancer  in women ‘s view. Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences 2009;    15(1): 88-103. [Persian]
  18. Haghighat SH, Ansari M, Younesian M, Akbari MS,Ebrahimi M, Alijani M ,et al. Comparison of telephone counseling and physical examination in the diagnosis of breast cancer.  Iran breast diseases 2009; 2(1):  7- 12. [Persian]
  19. Reyhani M, Fahami F, Mosharaf S, Tarkesh N. The relationship between the amount of dairy products and animal proteins consumption and breast cancer in isfahani women. ZUMS Journal 2012;20(81):45-54. [Persian]
  20. Soltan AJ, Abbszade A,Tirgari B.  An evaluation of the reasons for participation or non-participation of women attending clinics in Kerman, cervical and breast cancer screening programs. Iran  Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility.  August and September 2010; 13( 3): 37 – 46.[ Persian]
  21. Keshavarz Z, Simbar M, Ramzankhani A, Alavi MH. Breast and cervical cancer screening factors affecting working women of childbearing age, based on the "Integrated Model of Planned Behavior and self efficacy. Journal of Health School and Institute of public Health  2011; 9 (3):  23- 36. [Persian]
  22. Polit D, Beck CT. Essentionals of nursing Research, Methods, Appraisal and utilization.8nd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Amazon; 2015:112-23 
  23. Graneheim UH, LundmanB. Qualitative Content Analysis in Nursing Research: Concepts, Procedures and Measures to Achieve Trustworthiness. Nurse Educ Today 2004; 24(2): 105-12.
  24. Godazandeh GH, khani H, khalilian AR, Atarod Z, Feroozjaie MA, Partooei A, et al. Awareness and action of women over 15 years of Sari city toward breast cancer in 2004. Journal of Mazandaran university of Medical Sciences 2006; 16(52): 64- 74. [Persian]
  25. Asgharnia M  , Faraji  R , Zahiri Z , Salamat F,  Mosavi CS, Sefati S . A Study of Knowledge and Practice of Woman about Breast Cancer and its Screening, in the Case of Women who Referred to Alzahra Hospital in Rasht during 2010-2011. Iranian Journal of Surgery 2013; 21(1):2-9. [Persian]
  26. Abedzadeh M, Sadat Z, Saberi F. Awareness, Attitude and action of women admitted to Health centers in the city of Kashan toward breast canser and Breast Self Examination in years 2001. Journal of Feyz 2003;26:85-92. [Persian]
  27. Gwarzo U, Sabitu K, Idris S. Knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among female undergraduate students. Annals of African medicine 2009;8(1):55-8.
  28. Berdi A,  Charkazi  A,  Razzaq NA. Knowledge, Practice and Perceived Threat toward Breast Cancer in the Women living in Gorgan, Iran. Journal of Research Development in Nursing & Midwifery 2013; 10 (1): 25-32. [Persian]
  29. Ramezani TF, Mohammad K,  Rahghozar M, Naghavi M.  بررسی آگاهی و عملکرد زنان ایرانی از سرطان دهانه رحم Knowledge and practice of Iranian women from cervical cancer.  Medical Journal of Reproduction & Infertility 2000; 5: 50-6. [Persian]
  30. Asgarabad AA, Khanjani N, Saber M, Jalili S, Khedmati E. Knowledge and Attitude of students at alzahra University about Breast Self-Examination, Iran. Journal of Health and Development 2012;1(2):112-20. [Persian]

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار