بررسی شیوع زایمان طبیعی و عوامل مؤثر بر انتخاب آن در زنان باردار شهر بوشهر، سال 1394

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه بهداشت عمومی، دانشکده بهداشت و تغذیه، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بوشهر، بوشهر، ایران.

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آموزش بهداشت، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بوشهر، بوشهر، ایران.

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی بهداشت عمومی، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بوشهر، بوشهر، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: زایمان طبیعی یکی از رویدادهای مهم زندگی زنان می‌باشد. از فواید آن در مقایسه با سزارین حفظ سلامت جسمانی مادر، عوارض کمتر و ارتباط عاطفی مطلوب‌تر بین مادر و نوزاد می‌باشد. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین  شیوع زایمان طبیعی و عوامل مؤثر بر انتخاب آن در زنان باردار مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز بهداشتی درمانی شهر بوشهر بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه مقطعی و از نوع توصیفی است که در سال 1394 انجام شد. جامعه پژوهش زنان باردار مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز بهداشتی درمانی شهر بوشهر بودند. نمونه‌گیری طی 6 ماه به صورت طبقه‌بندی تصادفی از مراکز بهداشتی انجام شد. جمع‌آوری داده‌ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته انجام شد. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از آمار توصیفی (میانگین، درصد، فراوانی)، آزمون‌های مجذور کای،  تی مستقل و رگرسیون لجیستیک استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: 486 زن باردار در مطالعه شرکت کردند که میانگین سنی آنان 01/5 ±82/26 بود. زایمان طبیعی و سزارین به ترتیب توسط 220 (3/45%) و200 نفر (1/41%) از زنان انتخاب شد. همچنین 66 نفر (6/13%) هنوز تصمیم نگرفته بودند. بیشترین فراوانی دلایل انتخاب سزارین، ترس از درد زایمان (77 نفر، 6/38%) و بیشترین فراوانی دلایل انتخاب زایمان طبیعی، عوارض کمتر(114 نفر، 52%) بود. شغل همسر (01/0p=، 51/0OR=)، تحصیلات همسر (001/0p=، 19/0OR=)، سابقه سزارین (001/0>p، 5/36OR=)، محل مراقبت بارداری (001/0>p، 40/0OR=)، آگاهی (005/0p=، 30/1OR=) و نگرش  نسبت به روش‌های زایمانی (001/0>p،   26/1OR=) از عوامل تأثیرگذار بر انتخاب زایمان طبیعی شناخته شدند.
نتیجه‌گیری: برنامه‌ریزی جهت آموزش فواید زایمان طبیعی و اصلاح نگرش زنان و همچنین نظارت بر انجام سزارین‌ها بر اساس اندیکاسیون پزشکی می‌تواند در کاهش سزارین‌های غیرضروری و ترویج زایمان طبیعی مؤثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Survey on the Prevalence and Influencing Factors for Choosing Normal Vaginal Delivery among Pregnant Women in Bushehr City, 2015

نویسندگان [English]

  • F Najafi- Sharjabad 1
  • P Keshavarz 2
  • Z Moradian 3
1 Assistant Prof, Dept of Public Health, School of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
2 MSc student in Health Education, Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
3 BSc Student in Public Health, Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Normal vaginal delivery (NVD) is one of important events in women's life. Compared to cesarean section, it seems that NVD is a safer option associated with lower maternal and neonatal morbidities and also a more favorable emotional relationship between mother and her new born baby. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of and to find out the effective factors for choosing normal vaginal delivery among pregnant women in Bushehr city.
Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional and descriptive study, among all pregnant women refereed to the health centers in Bushehr City, 486 pregnant women were included based on strati­fied random sampling method. Data were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire during 6 months. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, Chi-square test and Logistic Regression were used for analysis of the data.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 26.8± 5.01 years. The options of NVD and C/S were chosen by 220 (45.3%) and 200 (41%) of women respectively and 66 of women were undecided (13.4%). “Fear of labor pain” and “lower complications rate” were the most common reasons for choosing C/S and NVD, 77 (38.6%), and 114(52%) respectively. The NVD had a significant association with some factors including; husband's job (OR=0.51, p=0.01), husband's education (OR=0.19, p=0.001), previous C/S (OR=36.5, p<0.001), place of prenatal care (OR=0.40, p<0.001), knowledge (OR=1.3, p=0.005) and attitude (OR=1.26, p<0.001) towards delivery methods.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, a regular educational program for pregnant women and also having a meticulous attitude towards the medical indications of C/S may reduce the rate of dispensable C/S and promote of the NVD.  

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Prevalence
  • factors
  • Choose
  • Normal Vaginal Delivery

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