تأثیر شن‌بازی درمانی با رویکرد شناختی-رفتاری بر کاهش مشکلات بازشناسی هیجانی و رشد اجتماعی پسران مبتلا به اختلال طیف اُتیسم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، واحد شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، واحد شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: ناتوانی در شناخت هیجانات در کودکان مبتلا به اُتیسم سبب بروز رفتارهای خشونت‏آمیز آنان علیه خود و دیگران شده و تضعیف رابطه اجتماعی و آسیب‏های روانی در پی دارد. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین تأثیر شن‌بازی درمانی شناختی-رفتاری بر بازشناسی هیجانی و رشد اجتماعی پسران مبتلا به اختلال طیف اُتیسم انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش نیمه­آزمایشی از نوع پیش­آزمون، پس­آزمون و پیگیری سه‌ماهه بود. پسران مبتلا به اختلال طیف اُتیسم با عملکرد بالا مراجعه‏کننده به مرکز تخصصی اُتیسم (احیا) شهر تهران در سال 1398 جامعه آماری را تشکیل دادند. از بین آن‏ها 30 نفر به ‏صورت در دسترس انتخاب و به ‏طور تصادفی به دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل در انتظار درمان تقسیم شدند. داده­ها با پرسش‏نامه­های تشخیص اُتیسم Gilliam، مهارت اجتماعی Matson و آزمون بازشناسی چهره Benton گردآوری شد. در گروه آزمایش، برنامه درمانی در 8 جلسه (هفته­ای 1 جلسه یک ساعته) اجرا گردید. گروه کنترل این برنامه درمانی را دریافت نکرد. تحلیل داده‏ها با استفاده از واریانس با اندازه‏گیری‏های تکراری انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: رشد اجتماعی (36/7=F، 007/0=p و 543/0=η) و بازشناسی هیجانی (12/22=F، 005/0=p و 609/0=η) در گروه آزمایش در مقایسه با گروه کنترل به ‏طور معنی‏داری بهبود یافت و این تأثیرات مثبت در مرحله پیگیری پایدار ماند.
نتیجه‌گیری: می‏توان از شن‏بازی درمانی به شیوه شناختی-رفتاری به‏ منظور بهبود وضعیت هیجانی-اجتماعی پسران مبتلا به اُتیسم به ‏عنوان یک روش مداخله‏ای مؤثر سود جست. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Sand Play Therapy with a Cognitive Behavioral Approach on the Reduction of Emotional Recognition Problems and Social Growth in Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder

نویسندگان [English]

  • ZS MirGhafourian 1
  • Sh Nohi 2
  • M Taher 2
1 PhD Student, Dept of psychology, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch, Shahrood, Iran.
2 Assistant Prof, Dept of psychology, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch, Shahrood, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Disability to recognize emotions in children with autism will cause their aggressive behaviors against themselves and others, which brings about weakening of social interaction and psychological problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of sand play therapy with a cognitive-behavioral approach on the reduction of emotional recognition problems and social growth in boys with autism spectrum disorder.
Materials and Methods: This was a semi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. Boys with autism spectrum disorder with high performance admitted to the Ehya autism center in Tehran in 2019 formed the statistical population of the study. A number of 30 individuals were selected by available sampling and they were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Data were collected by Gilliam autism rating scale, Matson social skills questionnaire, and Benton facial recognition test. In the experimental group, the treatment program was performed in 8 sessions, 1 session per week and each session for 1 hour, but the control group did not receive this treatment. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures.
Results: The results showed that the level of social growth (η=0.543, p=0.007, F=7.36) and Emotional recognition (η=0.609, p=0.005, F=22.12) of the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group and this increase was remained steady in the follow-up.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, sand play therapy with a cognitive-behavioral approach can be used as an effective intervention method to improve the emotional and social status of people with autism.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sand play therapy
  • Emotional recognition
  • Social growth
  • Autism
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