سلامت جامعه

سلامت جامعه

ارتباط سلول‌های ایمنی و سایتوکاین‌های کلیدی با پاتوژنز آسم: یک مرور جامع

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
وحید محمدی شاهرخی
استادیار،گروه ایمونولوژی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ،رفسنجان، ایران.
10.22123/chj.2025.483224.2132
چکیده
آسم یک بیماری مزمن تنفسی است که با التهاب پایدار و تغییرات ساختاری در مجاری هوایی مشخص می‌شود و بار قابل‌توجهی بر سلامت فردی و اجتماعی تحمیل می‌کند. طی دهه‌های اخیر، نقش سلول‌های ایمنی و سایتوکاین‌های مترشحه آن‌ها به‌عنوان محور اساسی در پاتوژنز و ناهمگونی‌های بالینی آسم مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. سلول‌های T کمکی نوع ۲ (T-helper 2) و سایتوکاین‌های وابسته به آن‌ها همچون اینترلوکین 4، اینترلوکین ۵ و اینترلوکین ۱۳، اساس التهاب آلرژیک و تشدید علائم بیماری را شکل می‌دهند. در کنار آن، سلول‌های TH17 و اینترلوکین 17 در ایجاد آسم نوتروفیلیک که اغلب در برابر درمان‌های رایج مقاوم است، نقش‌برجسته‌ای دارند. از سوی دیگر، کاهش عملکرد سلول‌های T تنظیمی و افت تولید سایتوکاین‌های ضدالتهابی نظیر اینترلوکین ۱۰ و فاکتور رشد تغییردهنده بتا، به تداوم التهاب و تخریب بافتی کمک می‌کند. همچنین سلول‌های ایمنی ذاتی از جمله ماکروفاژها و سلول‌های لنفوئیدی ذاتی نوع ۲ (ILC2) با ترشح سایتوکاین‌های اولیه در شروع پاسخ‌های التهابی مؤثر هستند. پیشرفت‌های درمانی اخیر در مهار سایتوکاین‌های کلیدی، از جمله آنتی‌بادی‌های مونوکلونال ضد اینترلوکین ۵ و اینترلوکین ۱۳، اثربخشی این رویکردها را در کاهش التهاب و بهبود واپایش بیماری نشان داده‌اند. با این‌حال، ماهیت متنوع و چندبعدی نقش ایمنی در آسم، ضرورت انجام پژوهش‌های بیشتر برای توسعه درمان‌های شخصی‌سازی‌شده و کاهش بار جهانی این بیماری را برجسته می‌سازد. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی و تحلیل نقش سلول‌های ایمنی و سایتوکاین‌های مترشحه آن‌ها در بروز و پاتوژنز بیماری آسم، و ارزیابی تأثیر این عوامل بر شدت بیماری و کیفیت زندگی بیماران است.

عنوان مقاله English

The Association of Immune Cells and Key Cytokines with the Pathogenesis of Asthma: A Comprehensive Review

نویسنده English

V Mohammadi-Shahrokhi
1- Assistant Prof., Dept. of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
چکیده English

Abstract
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by persistent inflammation and structural remodeling of the airways, imposing a substantial burden on both individual and public health. Over recent decades, the role of immune cells and their secreted cytokines has been increasingly recognized as a central axis in the pathogenesis and clinical heterogeneity of asthma. Type 2 helper T cells (Th2) and their associated cytokines, including interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), and interleukin-13 (IL-13) form the foundation of allergic inflammation and symptom exacerbation. In parallel, T helper 17 cells (Th17) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) play a pivotal role in neutrophilic asthma, which is frequently resistant to conventional therapies. Moreover, impaired function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and reduced production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) contribute to
 
persistent inflammation and tissue damage. Innate immune cells, including macrophages and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), further contribute by secreting early cytokines that initiate inflammatory responses. Recent therapeutic advances targeting key cytokines, particularly monoclonal antibodies against IL-5 and IL-13, have demonstrated efficacy in reducing inflammation and improving disease control. Nevertheless, the diverse and multidimensional role of immunity in asthma underscores the need for further research to develop personalized therapeutic strategies and reduce the global burden of this disease. The aim of the present study is to investigate and analyze the role of immune cells and their cytokines in the onset and pathogenesis of asthma, as well as to evaluate their impact on disease severity and patients’ quality of life.

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سلامت جامعه
دوره 18، شماره 4
بهار 1404
صفحه 89-103