سلامت جامعه

سلامت جامعه

اثر بخشی آموزش ذهن ­آگاهی بر اختلالات رفتاری و عملکرد توجه در دختران نوجوان بیش فعال-نقص توجه، در دبیرستان­های شهرستان رفسنجان در سال 1403

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استادیار، گروه روانپزشکی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران.
2 کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد کرمان، ایران.
3 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات پزشکی مولکولی، پژوهشکده علوم پایه پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران.
10.22123/chj.2025.500063.2156
چکیده
مقدمه: اختلال نقص توجه و بیش فعالی به‌ عنوان یکی از اختلالات شایع روان‌پزشکی، منجر به بروز مشکلات متعدد رفتاری و شناختی و تحصیلی در کودکی و نوجوانی می‌گردد. هدف مطالعه حاضر، تعیین تأثیر آموزش ذهن­آگاهی بر اختلالات رفتاری و عملکرد توجه در نمونه‌ای از نوجوانان دختر دارای علائم اختلال نقص توجه و بیش فعالی ADHD بود.
مواد وروش­ها: این طرح شبه­آزمایشی، به‌ صورت پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل، در سال 1403 انجام شد. جامعه هدف، دختران نوجوان 13 تا 15 سال دبیرستان‌های شهرستان رفسنجان بود. که تعداد تقریبی این جامعه حدود ۱۲۰۰ نفر برآورد گردید. تعداد 30 دانش‌آموز معیارهای ورود به مطالعه را داشتند که به ‌طور تصادفی به دو گروه درمان ذهن‌آگاهی و کنترل تقسیم شدند. ابزارهای ارزیابی، آزمون عملکرد پیوسته و پرسشنامه مشکلات رفتاری اشتنباخ بود. گروه مداخله، 10 جلسه آموزش ذهن‌آگاهی طی 2 ماه دریافت کرد. یک ماه بعد از اتمام مداخله، تمام آزمودنی‌ها پس‌آزمون را دریافت کردند. از آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس استفاده شد.
یافته­ ها:­ در گروه مداخله، میانگین و انحراف معیار تعداد پاسخ‌های صحیح در پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون به‌ترتیب20/144 ±  و21/150  ±  و در گروه کنترل86/145 ±  و66/144 ±  بود  (05/0>p) همچنین در گروه مداخله، میانگین و انحراف معیار زمان پاسخ در پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون به‌ترتیب93/531 ±  و46/487 ±  و در گروه کنترل80/526 ±  و40/523 ±  بود)001/0>(p  علاوه بر این، در گروه مداخله بهبود قابل‌توجهی در نمره کلی مشکلات رفتاری(001/0>p)، خرده‌مقیاس درونی‌سازی(05/0>p) و برونی‌سازی  (001/0>p ) مشاهده شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: می‌توان آموزش ذهن‌آگاهی را به ‌عنوان یک روش غیردارویی و کم‌هزینه به مشاوران مدارس، معلمان و والدین نوجوانان مبتلا به ADHD پیشنهاد داد تا در کنار روش‌های درمانی متداول از آن استفاده شود. این مداخله می‌تواند در مدارس و مراکز مشاوره به‌صورت گروهی و در قالب کارگاه‌های منظم آموزشی اجرا شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training on Behavioral Disorders and Attention Performance in Adolescent High School Girls with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Rafsanjan, 2024

نویسندگان English

M Nazer 1
M jabbari 2
M Vatanparast 3
1 Assistant professor, Dept. of Psychiatry, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
2 2. MA in Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Kerman Branch, Kerman, Iran.
3 3. Assistant Prof., Molecular Medicine Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as one of the most common psychiatric disorders, leads to multiple behavioral, cognitive, and academic difficulties during childhood and adolescence. This study aimed to investigate the effect of mindfulness training on behavioral disorders and attention performance in a sample of adolescent girls with ADHD symptoms.
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group was conducted in 2024. The target population —estimated at 1,200 individuals—included female adolescents aged 13 to 15 years studying in high schools in Rafsanjan City. Among the screened students, 30 participants met the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to either a mindfulness intervention group or a control group. The assessment tools included the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The intervention group received 10 sessions of mindfulness training over two months, while the control group did not receive any specific intervention and continued with their usual school activities. One month after the intervention, all participants completed the posttest. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the data.
Results: In the intervention group, attention performance, measured by correct responses, increased from a mean of 144.20 to 150.21, showing a significant improvement compared to the control group (mean of 145.86 and 144.66) (p<0.05). Additionally, response time decreased in the experimental group (mean reduction from 531.93 to 487.46 compared to a reduction from 526.80 to 523.40 in the control group) (p<0.001). Greater improvements were also observed in behavioral disorders at the level of total score (p<0.001), internalizing (p<0.05), and externalizing behaviors (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Mindfulness training can be can be recommended as a non-pharmacological and cost-effective approach to school counselors, teachers, and parents of adolescents with ADHD, to be used alongside conventional treatment methods. Furthermore, this intervention can be implemented in schools and counseling centers in a group format through regular training workshops.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Training, Mindfulness Meditation, Adolescents, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Behavioral disorders
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