بررسی میزان پایبندی و تأثیر برنامه تمرینات ورزشی طراحی شده بر سلامتی جسمی و روانی مادران باردار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران.

2 کارشناس علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: با توجه به نقش مهم تحرک در ایجاد سلامتی جسمی و روانی در دوران بارداری، پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین میزان پایبندی و تأثیر برنامه تمرینات ورزشی طراحی­شده بر سلامتی جسمی و روانی مادران باردار انجام شده  است.
مواد و روش­ها: مطالعه نیمه­تجربی حاضر با طرح پیش­آزمون- پس­آزمون بدون گروه کنترل می­باشد که تفکیک گروه­های پایبند و غیر­پایبند در آن با طرح پس رویدادی (Ex post facto) انجام­ شده ­است. مطالعه بر روی150 مادر باردار شهرستان تبریز با نمونه‌گیری در‌ دسترس در سال 98-1397 انجام‌ شد. ابتدا، داده­های مربوط به سطح فعالیت ‌بدنی و سلامتی جسمی-روانی آزمودنی­ها جمع­آوری شد. تمرینات ورزشی طراحی شده بعد از آموزش یک جلسه­ای، در اختیار آزمودنی­ها قرار‌گرفت تا در خانه اجرا کنند. پس از هشت هفته، میزان پایبندی به تمرینات ارزیابی، و اثرات جسمی-روانی تمرینات در دو گروه مقایسه ‌گردید. تعداد کل نمونه­ها در ارزیابی­های ثانویه 114 نفر بود. آزمون­های آنکوا و مـن­ویتنـی­یـو برای مقایسه متغیرها بین دو گروه  استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: میزان پایبندی به برنامه­تمرینی 15/3 جلسه در هفته بود. 34 مادر باردار (30%) پایبند به تمرینات ورزشی بودند و در مقایسه با گروه غیرپایبند کاهش معنی‌داری در ضربان­ قلب­ فعالیت (044/0=p) و افزایش معنی­داری در قدرت پایین‌تنه (042/0=p) و سطح اشباع ‌اکسیژن‌خون (005/0=p) نشان دادند. تفاوت معنی­داری در سلامتی روانی بین دو گروه مشاهده نشد.
نتیجه­گیری: علی­رغم اینکه تمرینات ورزشی طراحی شده اثرات مفیدی در برخی عملکردهای جسمانی مادران باردار داشت ولی در بهبود سلامتی روانی آنها مؤثر نبود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Adherence and Effect of Designed Exercise Training on Physical and Mental Health of Pregnant Mothers

نویسندگان [English]

  • A Zarneshan 1
  • F Abdi 2
1 Assistant Prof, Dept of Sport Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
2 BSc Student, Dept of Sport Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Given the key role of activity in the development of physical and mental health during pregnancy, this study aimed to evaluate the adherence and effect of the designed exercise training program on the physical and mental health of pregnant women.
Materials and Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was performed with pre-test and post-test without the control group, in which the separation of adherent and non-adherent groups was performed in an Ex post facto design. The study was carried out on 150 pregnant mothers in Tabriz city using convenience sampling in 2018-2019. Initially, data on the level of physical­ activity and physical-mental health were collected from all subjects. The designed exercises were given to the subjects to perform at home after one-session training. After eight weeks, the adherence to the exercises was evaluated, and the physical-mental effects of exercise were compared in two groups. The total number of samples in the secondary assessments was 114.  ANCOVA and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare variables between the two groups.
Results: Adherence to the training program was 3.15 sessions per week. Thirty-four pregnant mothers (30%) adhered to exercise, showing a significant decrease in activity heart rate (p=0/044) and significant increases in low body strength (p=0/042) and SPo2 (p= 0/005) compared to non-exercising women. There was no significant difference in mental health between the two groups (p>0/05).
Conclusion: Although the designed exercise training program had beneficial effects on some physical functions of pregnant mothers, it did not affect their mental health.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Adherence
  • Pregnancy
  • Physical activity
  • Public health
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