تأثیر مداخله آموزشی مبتنی بر الگوی باور بهداشتی بر رفتارهای پیشگیری‌کننده از بیماری‌های قلبی و عروقی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه آموزش جامع‌نگر در نظام سلامت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان، کرمان، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه پرستاری داخلی و جراحی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، مرکز تحقیقات مراقبت سالمندی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه آموزش بهداشت و ارتقاء سلامت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران.

4 دانشیار، گروه پرستاری داخلی و جراحی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی رازی، مرکز تحقیقات پرستاری، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان، کرمان، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: نظر به اهمیت آموزش به منظور ارتقای رفتارهای پیشگیری­کننده از بیماری‌های قلبی- عروقی، این مطالعه با هدف تعیین تأثیر مداخله آموزشی مبتنی بر الگوی باور بهداشتی بر رفتارهای پیشگیری­کننده از بیماری‌های قلبی -عروقی در بهورزان شهرستان رفسنجان انجام شد.
مواد و روش ­ها: پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه نیمه تجربی است. این مطالعه در سال 1398 بر روی 79 نفر از بهورزان شهرستان رفسنجان که به صورت هدفمند انتخاب و به طور تصادفی ساده در دو گروه مداخله و کنترل قرار گرفتند، انجام شد. ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات، پرسشنامه‌های مشخصات دموگرافیک و الگوی باور بهداشتی بود. پرسشنامه‌ها در دو نوبت قبل و بعد از انجام مداخله تکمیل شدند. بعد از انجام پیش‌آزمون، مداخله آموزشی طی چهار جلسۀ 45 دقیقه‌ای برای گروه مداخله انجام شد. گروه کنترل آموزشی دریافت نکرد. داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون‌های تی مستقل، تی زوجی، دقیق فیشر و مجذور کای تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.
یافته­ ها: نتایج نشان داد که میانگین نمره آگاهی (004/0>p)، حساسیت درک شده (001/0>p)، شدت درک شده (002/0>p)، منافع درک شده (001/0>p)، خود کارآمدی درک شده (001/0>p) و رفتارهای پیشگیری­کننده از بیماری‌های قلبی- عروقی (001/0p=) در گروه مداخله پس از انجام مداخله نسبت به گروه کنترل به طور معنی­داری افزایش یافته است.
نتیجه ­گیری: بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه، آموزش بر پایه الگوی اعتقاد بهداشتی می‌تواند در جهت ارتقای رفتار پیشگیری­کننده از بیماری‌های قلبی- عروقی مفید و مؤثر واقع شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Health Belief Model to Promote Cardiovascular Disease Preventive Behaviors

نویسندگان [English]

  • Z Kahnooji 1
  • T Mirzaei 2
  • M Asadpour 3
  • S Sabzevari 4
1 Master Student of Holistic Health Education, School of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
2 Associate Prof, Dept. of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Geriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
3 Assistant Prof, Dept of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
4 Associate Prof, Dept of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Razi School of Nursing and Midwifery, Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction:Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Given the importance of education in promoting behaviors to prevent cardiovascular diseases, this study aims to investigate the effect of training intervention based on the health belief model on the diseases preventive behaviors in health workers of Rafsanjan.
Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted on 79 health workers of Rafsanjan city in 2019. The samples were selected purposively and divided into intervention and control groups randomly. Specific questionnaires of demographic information and health belief model were completed in two sessions before and after the intervention. For the intervention group, four 45-minute training sessions were provided, while no training intervention was implemented for the control group. The collected data were analyzed using independent t-test, fisher's exact test, and chi-square (χ2) tests of the SPSS Version 18 software at a significance level of 0.05.
Results:The results showed that the mean scores of awareness (p>0.004), perceived sensitivity (p>0.001), perceived severity (p=0.002), perceived benefits (p>0.001), self-efficiency (p>0.001), and preventive behaviors from cardiovascular diseases (p>0.001) increased significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group.
Conclusion: This study showed that health belief model-based training could effectively improve the preventive behaviors from cardiovascular diseases.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Education
  • Behavior
  • Cardiovascular Diseases
  1. Zainali M, Asadpour M, Aghamolaei T, EsmaeiliNadimi A, Farshidi H, Ghanbarnejad A. Effect of educational intervention based on health belief model to promote preventive behaviors of cardiovascular disease in people with normal angiographic results. JPM 2015; 1(2):1-12. [Persian]
  2. Malani P. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. 8th ed. New York 2012:1813-4.
  3. Tavassoli E, Reisi M, Javadzade H, Mazaheri M, Ghasemi S, Shakoori S. The effect of the health belief model-based education & improvement of consumption of fruits and vegetables: An interventional study. JHITF 2017; 1(2):28-35. [Persian]
  4. Minasian AG, Van den Elshout FJ, Dekhuijzen PR, Vos PJ, Willems FF, van den Bergh PJ ,  et al. COPD in chronic heart failure: less common than previously thought? Heart & Lung 2013; 42(1):365-371.
  5. Rezaian  MD, Tabatabaie S: Age and sex patterns of deaths due to cardiovascular diseases in Kerman province. homaye saadat 2012;4(41):1-12. [Persian]
  6. Shahsavari S, Nazari F, Karimyar Jahromi M, Sadeghi M. Epidemiologic study of hospitalized cardiovascular patients in Jahrom hospitals in 2012-2013. IJCN 2013; 2(2):14-21.
  7. Shabani R, Mozaffari M, Heidari Moghadam R, Shirmohamadi T, Vafaee R. Effect of cardiac rehabilitation program on quality of life in patients with myocardial infarction in Hamadan. Research in Medicine 2013; 36(5):117-122. [Persian]
  8. Moshki M, Mojadam M, Dusti Irani A. Associated Factors for Preventive Behaviors of Cardiovascular Diseases in Employees of Khuzestan Province Health Center Utilizing the Health Belief Model. Journal of health 2015; 6(4):367-377. [Persian]
  9. Kudo Y, Okada M, Tsunoda M, Satoh T, Aizawa Y. A lifestyle to prevent or combat the metabolic syndrome among Japanese workers: analyses using the health belief model and the multidimensional health locus of control. Industrial health 2011; 49(4): 543-543.
  10. Mohseni M, Mahboubi M, Sayyadi A, Shabani Z, Asadpour M. The effect of an educational intervention based on health belief model on the standard precautions among medical students of Rafsanjan university of medical sciences. RME 2015; 7(1):63-72. [Persian]
  11. Niazi S, Ghafari M, Noori A, Khodadoost M. Impacts of a health belief model-based education program about osteoporosis prevention on junior high school students’ physical activity, Kalaleh, Iran, 2012. JBJ 2014; 1(1):1-9. [Persian]
  12. Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K. Health behavior and health education: theory, research, and practice. 4th ed. San Francisco. John Wiley & Sons; 2008.47-9.
  13. Tavassoli E, Hasanzadeh A, Ghiasvand R, Tol A, Shojaezadeh D. Effect of health education based on the Health Belief Model on improving nutritional behavior aiming at preventing cardiovascular disease among housewives in Isfahan. Journal of School Health and Institute of Health Research 2010; 8(3):12-23.
  14. Mehri A, Mohagheghnejad M. Utilizing the Health Belief Model to Predict Preventive Behaviors for Heart Diseases in the Students of Islamic Azad University of Sabzevar (2010). TBJ 2011, 9(2):21-32. [Persian]
  15. Baghiani Moghadam M, Mirzaei M, Rahimdel T. Role of health beliefs in preventive behaviors of individuals at risk of cardiovascular diseases. JHSR 2012, 8(7):1151-1158. [Persian]
  16. Azar T, Sima ES, Davoud S, Reza EM, Bahram M. Determination Of Perceived Barriers And Benefits Of Adopting Health-Promoting Behaviors In Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention: Application Of Preventative Behavior Model. Payavard Salamat 2012; 6(3):12-22[Persian]
  17. Abedi P, Huang M, Kandiah M, Yassin Z, Shojaeizadeh D, Hosseini M. Lifestyle change using the health belief model to improve cardiovascular risk factors among postmenopausal women. JHSR 2011; 7(1):127-137. [Persian]
  18. Tsunematsu M, Kawasaki H, Masuoka Y, Kakehashi M. Factors affecting breast cancer screening behavior in Japan-assessment using the health belief model and conjoint analysis. APJCP 2013; 14(10):6041-6048.
  19. Shao C, Wang J, Liu J, Tian F, Li H. Effect of a health Belief Model-based education program on patients’ belief, physical activity, and serum uric acid: a randomized controlled trial. Patient Prefer Adherence 2018; 12(1):1239-45.
  20. Saidi M, Khorram R, Koohpayehzadeh J. Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Educational Needs of Health Care Providers (Behvarzan) Working toward Maternal Health in Health Networks in Saveh. JTHUS 2014; 1(14):62-67. [Persian]
  21. Yamani N, Shakour M, Ehsanpour S. Educational needs of reproductive health students: A Delphi study. JMED 2013; 8(2):65-76 [Persian]
  22. Ebrahimi Z, Esmaeilzadeh Ghandehari MR, Veisi K. The Effect of Physical Activity Based on Intergenerational Programs on the Quality of Life of Older Adults. IJA 2020; 14(4):406-421.
  23. Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, Buroker AB, Goldberger ZD, Hahn EJ, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. JACC 2019; 74(1):e177-e232.
  24. Amodeo R, De A, Sorbara L, Avanzini F, Di P, De M. How to increase patient knowledge of their coronary heart disease: impact of an educational meeting led by nurses. Giornale italiano di cardiologia 2006; 10(4): 249-255.
  25. Zeinali M, Asadpour A, Aghamolaei T, Esmaeili Nadimi A, Farshidi H, Ghanbarnejad A. Effect of educational intervention based on health belief model to promote preventive behaviors of cardiovascular disease in people with normal angiographic results. jpm 2014; 1 (2):1-12
  26. Shojafard J, Naderian H, Ndrian H, Baghiani Moghadam M, Mazlomi Mahmodabad S, Sanati H, et al. Effect of an educational program on self care behaviors and its perceived benefits and barriers in patients with Heart Failure in Tehran. Payavard Salamat 2009; 2(4):43-55.
  27. Nielsen JB, Leppin A, Gyrd-Hansen D, Jarbøl DE, Søndergaard J, Larsen P. Barriers to lifestyle changes for prevention of cardiovascular disease–a survey among 40–60-year old Danes. BMC cardiovascular disorders 2017; 17(1):245-450.
  28. Babaei V, Garmaroodi G, Batebi A, Alipour D, Shahbaz M, Babazadeh T. The effectiveness of an educational intervention based on the health belief model in the empowerment of stockbreeders against high-risk behav-iors associated with brucellosis. JECH 2014; 1(3):12-19.
  29. Çapik C, Gozum S. The effect of web-assisted education and reminders on health belief, level of knowledge and early diagnosis behaviors regarding prostate cancer screening. EJON 2011; 16(1):71-77.
  30. Karimy M, Montazeri A, Araban M. The ef-fect of an educational program based on health belief model on the empowerment of rural women in prevention of brucellosis. JAMS 2012; 14(7):85-97.
  31. Motamedi N, Hejazi SH, Hazavehei SM, Saberi S, Rahimi E. Effect of education based on Health Belief Model on promoting preventive behavior of coetaneous leishmaniasis. MMJ 2010; 11(4):231-236.
  32. Baghianimoghadam M, Shogafard G, Sanati H, Baghianimoghadam B, Mazloomy S, Askarshahi M. Application of the health belief model in promotion of self-care in heart failure patients. Acta Medica Iranica 2013; 51(1):52-58.
  33. Yousafzai M, Siddiqui A, Janjua N. Health belief model to predict sharps injuries among health care workers at first level care facilities in rural Pakistan. AJIM 2013; 56(1):479-487.
  34. Mehri A, Morowatisharifabad M. Utilizing the Health Promotion Model to predict oral health behaviors in the students of Islamic Azad University of Sabzevar. JDM 2009; 22(1), 81-87.
  35. Ramezankhani A, Mazaheri M, Dehdari T, Movahedi M. Relationship between health belief model constructs and DMFT among five-grade boy students in the primary school in Dezfool. JSMJ 2011; 10(2): 221- 8.