اثربخشی بهزیستی درمانی بر احساس تنهایی و اضطراب مرگ سالمندان مراکز روزانه مشهد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران.

10.22123/chj.2023.324456.1844

چکیده

مقدمه: احساس تنهایی و اضطراب مرگ دو مسئله اساسی روان‌شناختی است، که در بین سالمندان تجربه می­شود و بهزیست-درمانی مداخله­ای است، که می­تواند در این زمینه مؤثر باشد. هدف این پژوهش تعیین اثربخشی بهزیست- درمانی بر احساس تنهایی و اضطراب مرگ سالمندان بود.
مواد و روش ­ها: این پژوهش از نوع کاربردی و روش آن نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون، پس‌آزمون و پیگیری با گروه گواه بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش، شامل سالمندان 65 تا 85 ساله، ساکن در خانه سالمندان روزانه نشاط، در شهر مشهد در سال 1400 بودند که با روش نمونه­گیری هدفمند، 30 نفر از آنان انتخاب و به روش تصادفی ساده در دو گروه مساوی آزمایش و گواه قرار گرفتند. اعضای گروه آزمایشی در جلسات هفتگی بهزیست- درمانی شرکت نمودند و در مورد گروه کنترل، مداخله­ای صورت نگرفت، برای گردآوری داده­ها از مقیاس احساس تنهایی راسل، پیلاو ، فرگوسن (1978) و مقیاس اضطراب مرگ تمپلر (1970) استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها با استفاده از تحلیل واریانس دوطرفه، با اندازه­گیری­های مکرر انجام شد.
یافته­ ها: یافته ­های پژوهش نشان داد که، مقایسه میانگین­های تعدیل شده نمرات احساس تنهایی و اضطراب مرگ در مرحله پس‌آزمون و پیگیری، نسبت به مرحله پیش­آزمون افزایش یافته است. اثر تعاملی گروه و زمان بر کاهش نمرات احساس تنهایی (001/0>p، 70/124 =F)، و اضطراب مرگ (001/0>p، 70/119 =F) معنادار بود.
نتیجه ­گیری: بهزیست - درمانی می­تواند به عنوان یک درمان غیر دارویی، احساس تنهایی و اضطراب مرگ را در سالمندان به طور معناداری کاهش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effectiveness of Well-being Therapy in Loneliness and Death Anxiety Among the Elderly in Mashhad Day Care Centers

نویسندگان [English]

  • N Hossein Nazari 1
  • H Nejat 2
  • M Saffarian Tosi 2
1 PhD student, Dept of Education Sciences, Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Assistant Prof, Dept of Education Sciences, Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Loneliness and death anxiety are two basic psychological problems experienced by the elderly, and well-being therapy is an intervention that can be effective in this case. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of well-being therapy on loneliness and death anxiety in the elderly.
Materials and Methods: This was applied research conducted as quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group.The statistical population of the study included all elderly people aged 65 to 85 years living in Neshat daily nursing home in Mashhad, 30 of whom were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The members of the experimental group participated in the weekly well-being therapy sessions and no intervention was done in the case of the control group. The Russell, Pilau, and Ferguson (1978) Loneliness Scale and the Templer Death Anxiety Scale (1970) were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26 and two-way repeated measures ANOVA.
Results: The findings showed that the comparison of the adjusted means of loneliness and death anxiety scores in the post-test and follow-up stages increased compared to the pre-test stage.The interactive effect of time × group on the loneliness component (p=0.0001, F=124.70) and on the death anxiety component (p=0.0001, F=119.70) was significant at the level of 0.01.
Conclusion: Well-being therapy can significantly reduce feelings of loneliness and death anxiety in the elderly as a non-pharmacological treatment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Well-being Therapy
  • Loneliness
  • Death Anxiety
  • Elderly

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سلامت جامعه
دوره 17، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 55
اردیبهشت 1402
صفحه 21-31

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