سلامت جامعه

سلامت جامعه

مقایسه اثر تمرین­­های مهارتی و ادراکی-حرکتی بر آزمون­های عملکردی-اجرایی کودکان پیش­ دبستانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
آنا حسنی سوسهاب 1
علی مصطفی لو 2
ایوب منصوری 3
1 کارشناس ارشد گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد گنبدکاووس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گنبدکاووس، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد گنبدکاووس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گنبدکاووس، ایران
3 استادیار، گروه ادبیات فارسی، واحد تهران، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران
10.22123/chj.2026.542145.2217
چکیده
مقدمه: دوران پیش‌دبستانی از حساس‌ترین مراحل رشد کودکان است که توانمندی‌های حرکتی و عملکرد اجرایی آنان را شکل می‌دهد. هدف این مطالعه، مقایسه اثر تمرین­های مهارتی و ادراکی-حرکتی بر آزمون­های عملکردی-اجرایی کودکان پیش­دبستانی بود.
مواد و روش­ها: این پژوهش از نوع نیمه‌تجربی بوده و مداخله آن به مدت هشت هفته انجام شد. جامعه آماری (تعداد=528 نفر) شامل کودکان پیش‌دبستانی در سال تحصیلی 1402- 1401 شهرستان مراوه‌تپه بود. به همین منظور 36 کودک شش ساله به صورت تصادفی در سه گروه مساوی تمرین­های ادراکی-حرکتی، مهارتی و کنترل تقسیم شدند. گروه­های مداخله برنامه­های تمرینی تعیین شده و گروه کنترل فعالیت­های روزمره کلاس را انجام دادند. برای اندازه‌گیری عملکرد اجرایی از آزمون‌های تعادل ایستا، تعادل پویا و پرش جفت استفاده شد. به ‌منظور بررسی فرضیه‌های پژوهش و مقایسه تفاوت بین گروه­ها، از تحلیل کوواریانس چند متغیره و آزمون تعقیبی بونفرونی استفاده شد.
یافته­ ها: نتایج نشان داد که پس از تعدیل اثر پیش‌آزمون، مداخله باعث افزایش معنادار تعادل ایستا (05/0>p)، پرش جفت(001/0p<) و تعادل پویا (راه رفتن پاشنه به پنجه و آزمون زمان‌دار برخاستن و رفتن) (001/0p<) در کودکان شد.
نتیجه ­گیری: استفاده هدفمند از برنامه‌های حرکتی منسجم و نظام‌مند می‌تواند هماهنگی بین سیستم‌های عصبی، عضلانی و حسی کودکان را تقویت کرده و رشد مهارت‌های حرکتی پایه و تعادل آن‌ها را تسریع کند. در نهایت، طراحی و اجرای چنین برنامه‌هایی می‌تواند زمینه‌ساز موفقیت بهتر کودکان در مراحل آموزشی بعدی و ارتقای سلامت جسمی و روانی آنان باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
تمرین ادراکی- حرکتی
تمرین مهارتی
آزمون­های عملکردی اجرایی

عنوان مقاله English

Comparing the Effects of Skill and Perceptual-Motor Training on Functional-Executive Tests for Preschool Children

نویسندگان English

A Hasani sosehab 1
A Mostafaloo 2
A Mansouri 3
1 MSc. Department of Educational Sciences GKM.C, Islamic Azad University, Gonbad Kavoos, Iran
2 Department of Physical Education, GKM.C, Islamic Azad University, Gonbad Kavoos, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Literature, Tehran Branch, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: Preschool is one of the most sensitive stages of children's development that shapes their motor abilities and executive function. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of skill and perceptual-motor training on functional-executive tests for preschool children.
Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study, and the intervention was conducted for eight weeks. The statistical population (n=528) included preschool children in the 2022-2023 academic year in Marave Tape City. For this purpose, 36 six-year-old children were randomly divided into three groups: perceptual-motor exercises (n=12), skills exercises (n=12), and control (n=12). The intervention groups received designated exercise programs, and the control group performed daily classroom activities. Static balance, dynamic balance, and pair-legged jump tests were used to measure executive function. In order to examine the research hypotheses and compare the differences between the groups, multivariate analysis of covariance and the Bonferroni post-hoc test were used.
Results: The results showed that after adjusting for the pre-test effect, the intervention significantly increased static balance (p≤0.05), pair jumping (p<0.001), and dynamic balance (heel-to-toe walking and timed get-up-and-go test) (p<0.001) in children.
Conclusion: These findings indicated that the targeted use of coherent and systematic motor programs can strengthen the coordination between children's nervous, muscular, and sensory systems and accelerate the development of their basic motor skills and balance. Finally, the design and implementation of such programs can pave the way for better success for children in later educational stages and improve their physical and mental health.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Perceptual-motor training
Skill training
Executive function tests
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سلامت جامعه
دوره 19، شماره 4
زمستان 1404
صفحه 27-40