پیش بینی ویژگی‌های شخصیت فرزندان بر اساس سبک‌های فرزندپروری و ارتباط آن با پنج عامل بزرگ شخصیت والدین

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه روان‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی موثر بر سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران

3 مربی، مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران

4 دانشجوی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: رشد و شکل­ گیری شخصیت، تحت تأثیر عوامل متعدد ژنتیکی و محیطی است. نحوه رفتار، ریشه در شخصیت دارد بنابراین تعامل والد- فرزند تحت تأثیر شخصیت طرفین قرار می­گیرد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف پیش­بینی ویژگی­های شخصیت فرزندان بر اساس سبک­های فرزندپروری و ارتباط آن با پنج عامل بزرگ شخصیت والدین انجام شد.

مواد و روش­ ها: در این مطالعه توصیفی، 296 نفر از دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان در سال 1393 به شیوه تصادفی انتخاب و وارد مطالعه شدند. پرسشنامه­ها به شکل فایل­های الکترونیکی به ایمیل منتخبین ارسال گردید. دانشجویان و والدین آنها، پرسشنامه شخصیت نئو و والدین پرسشنامه فرزندپروری بامریند را نیز تکمیل نمودند. داده­ها با استفاده از
آزمون­های آماری تی­مستقل، همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.

یافته­ ها: بعد شخصیتی تجربه­گرایی پدران با بعد شخصیتی توافق­پذیری فرزندان ارتباط معنی­دار و معکوس (001/0>p) و با برون­گرایی فرزندان ارتباط معنی­داری (045/0=p) داشت. در میان ابعاد شخصیتی مادران، برون­گرایی مادر با برون­گرایی فرزند (001/0>p)، تجربه­گرایی مادر با تجربه­گرایی فرزند (002/0=p)، توافق­پذیری مادر با برون­گرایی فرزند (006/0=p) و
وظیفه­شناسی مادر با برون­گرایی (001/0>p) و توافق­پذیری (008/0=p) فرزند ارتباط معنی­داری داشت. بعد شخصیتی
برون­گرایی فرزندان بر اساس سبک فرزندپروری منطقی مادر و بعد شخصیتی وظیفه­شناسی فرزندان بر اساس سبک­های فرزندپروری منطقی و مستبد والدین قابل پیش­بینی بود.

نتیجه‌گیری: به نظر می­رسد یکی از عوامل مرتبط با شخصیت فرزندان، الگوهای شخصیت والدین باشد. نتایج چنین مطالعاتی روان­شناسان را در امر آموزش و والدین را در امر رفتار صحیح جهت تربیت بهتر فرزندان برای شکل­گیری شخصیت بهینه در آنها کمک شایانی خواهد نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Prediction of Child Personality Traits Based on Parenting Styles and its Relation with the Big five Factors of Parent Personality

نویسندگان [English]

  • M Nazer 1
  • MR Mokhtaree 2
  • AR Sayadi 3
  • F Mashayekhi 4
1 Assistant Prof, Psychiatry Dept, Social determinants of health, Rafsanjan University of medical sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
2 Msc of Educational Psychology, Rafsanjan University of medical sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
3 Academic member, Social determinants of health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
4 Medical student, Rafsanjan University of medical sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Development and formation of personality is affected by several genetics and environmental factors. Personality is the base of behaviors and parent-child relations have an influence on child’s personality. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the parents' personality characters with child personality characters given the role of parenting styles.

Materials and Method: 296 students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences selected by Stratified random sampling method were enrolled in this study. Questionnaires were sent in the form of electronic files to emails of participants. Students and their parents completed the NEO Personality Inventory. In addition, Parents responded to Bamrind parenting questionnaire, Then the completed electronic files were sent back to the sender (the researcher). Finally, the data were analyzed by T-test, Pearson correlation and regression.

Result: The relation of Openness to experience of fathers with Agreeableness of Childs had a reverse significance (p<0.001) and with extraversion had positive significant relationship (p=0.045). In the personality characters of mothers, the relationship of mother extraversion with child extraversion (p<0.001), mother Openness to experience with child Openness to experience (p=0.002), mother Agreeableness with child extraversion (p=0.006) and mother Conscientiousness with child extraversion (p<0.001) and child Agreeableness (p=0.008) was satirically significant. The mothers’ democratic parenting style predicted extraversion of the child’s and the democratic and authoritarian style of parents predicted Conscientiousness of the childs.

Conclusion: Some personality traits of parents correlated with personality traits of children. The relationship of freer and healthier personality traits of parents with personality of children was more than disorders traits such as neuroticism. The relationship of children personality traits with mother’s personality traits was more. The democratic and authoritarian parenting style of Parents also is able to predict some personality traits of Childs. The results of such studies should help Psychologists for better training and parents for better education of children to optimize the formation of personality traits.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • personality
  • Parenting style
  • Parents
  • children
  1. Safari SH, Goodarzi H. Personality and burnout among the faculty and staff of Islamic Azad University. Journal of educational leadership & administration 2009;3(3):85-101. [Persian]
  2. Nilforooshan P, Ahmadi SA, fatehizadeh M, abedi MR, Ghasemi V. Studying the hierarchical structure of personality using the NEO-Five Factor Inventory. Psychological studies 2012;7(4):107-30. [Persian]
  3. Farah BA, Peivastegar M, Sadr MS. The relationship between resiliency with five dimensions of personality and clinical disorders (depression, anxiety and somatization) in female undergraduate students of Alzahra University. Psychological Studies 2015;11(3):53-78.[Persian]
  4. Shakerian A, Fatem A, Farhadian M. A survey on relationship between personality characteristics and marital satisfaction. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2011;16(1): 92-9.
  5. Rushton JP, Irwing P. A General Factor of Personality (GFP) from two meta-analyses of the Big Five: and. Personality and Individual Differences 2008;45(7):679-83.
  6. Magan D, Mehta M, Sarvottam K, Yadav RK, Pandey R. Age and gender might influence big five factors of personality: a preliminary report in Indian population 2014;58(4):381-8.
  7. Hawkins-Rodgers Y. Adolescents adjusting to a group home environment: A residential care model of re-organizing attachment behavior and building resiliency. Children and Youth Services Review 2007;29(9):1131-41.
  8. Monadi M. Time management class families of different economic, social and cultural. Family research 2005;1(2):161-77. [Persian]
  9. Huver RM, Otten R, de Vries H, Engels RC. Personality and parenting style in parents of adolescents. Journal of Adolescence 2010;33(3):395-402.
  10. Ezazi SH. Family sociology with emphasis on the role, structure and function of the family in modern times. Tehran: Roshangaran pub; 2000, 86.[Persian]
  11. Belsky J, Barends N. Personality and parenting. In: Bornstein MH, editor. Handbook of parenting: Vol 3 Status and social ecology of parenting. 2. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum; 2002: 415–438.
  12. Losoya SH, Callor S, Rowe DC, Goldsmith HH. Origins of familial similarity in parenting: A study of twins and adoptive siblings. Developmental Psychology 1997;33(6):1012-23.
  13. Caspi A, Roberts BW, Shiner RL. Personality development: stability and change. Annual review of psychology 2005;56:453-84.
  14. Madahi MA, Samadzadeh M. Educational style and personality traits. Thought and behaviour 2011;6(21):17-24. [Persian]
  15. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, 1992.
  16. Haghshenas H. Persian version and standardizljtion of NED Personality Inventory-Revised. ranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 1999;4(4):38-48.
  17. Baumrind D. Current  patterns  of  parental  authority. Developmental  Psychology Monographs 1971;4(1,2):1-103.
  18. Buri JR. Parental authority questionnaire. Journal of personality assessment 1991;57(1):110-9.
  19. Bitaraf S, SHAEERI MR, MANSOUR HJ. Social Phobia, Parenting Styles, and Perfectionism 2010;7(25):75-82.
  20. Egberts MR, Prinzie P, Deković M, de Haan AD, van den Akker AL. The prospective relationship between child personality and perceived parenting: Mediation by parental sense of competence. Personality and Individual Differences 2015;77:193-8.
  21. Koenig JL, Barry RA, Kochanska G. Rearing difficult children: Parents' personality and children's proneness to anger as predictors of future parenting. Parenting: Science and Practice 2010;10(4):258-73.
  22. Zalewski M, Stepp SD, Scott LN, Whalen DJ, Beeney JF, Hipwell AE. Maternal borderline personality disorder symptoms and parenting of adolescent daughters. Journal of personality disorders 2014;28(4):541.
  23. Petfield L, Startup H, Droscher H, Cartwright-Hatton S. Parenting in mothers with borderline personality disorder and impact on child outcomes. Evidence Based Mental Health 2015;18(3):67-75.
  24. Becht AI, Prinzie P, Deković M, Van den Akker AL, Shiner RL. Child personality facets and overreactive parenting as predictors of aggression and rule-breaking trajectories from childhood to adolescence. Development and psychopathology 2016;28(02):399-413.
  25. Van den Akker AL, Deković M, Asscher JJ, Shiner RL, Prinzie P. Personality types in childhood: Relations to latent trajectory classes of problem behavior and overreactive parenting across the transition into adolescence. Journal of personality and social psychology 2013;104(4):750-64.
  26. Amianto F, Ercole R, Marzola E, Daga GA, Fassino S. Parents’ personality clusters and eating disordered daughters’ personality and psychopathology. Psychiatry research 2015;230(1):19-27.
  27. Rafienia P, Azadfallah P, Fathi-Ashtiani A, Rasoulzadeh-Tabatabaiei K. The role of extraversion, neuroticism and positive and negative mood in emotional information processing. Personality and Individual Differences 2008;44(2):392-402.
  28. Bartels DM, Pizarro DA. The mismeasure of morals: Antisocial personality traits predict utilitarian responses to moral dilemmas. Cognition 2011;121(1):154-61.
  29. Najmi SB, Hassanzadeh A. orrelation between personality traits of parents and type of behavioral disorders in children. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health 2010;12(2):522-33. [Persian]