نقش تکلیف شب در شکل‌گیری استرس دانش‌آموزان مقطع ابتدایی و والدین آن‌ها در شهر رفسنجان: سال 1397

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه روان‌پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، واحد کرمان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمان، ایران. (نویسنده مسئول)

3 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، واحد کرمان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمان، ایران، مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران.

4 دانشجوی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: تکلیف شب، علاوه بر اثرات مثبت بر یادگیری، به دلیل حجم زیاد، ناتوانی دانش­آموز در انجام یا تداخل با فعالیت­های لذت‌بخش می­تواند اثرات منفی بر هیجانات دانش­آموزان داشته باشد. از طرفی، هیجانات فرزندان، تأثیر مستقیم بر احساسات، واکنش­ها و هیجانات والدین دارد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین نقش تکلیف شب در شکل­گیری استرس دانش‌آموزان مقطع ابتدایی و والدین آن‌ها انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه توصیفی، 263 دانش­آموز از دو گروه از مدارس با تکلیف شب و بدون تکلیف شهر رفسنجان در سال 1397، به شیوه تصادفی وارد مطالعه شدند. پس از اخذ رضایت آگاهانه، دانش­آموزان، پرسشنامه استاندارد استرس فرزند ناشی از تکلیف شب و والدین آن‌ها، پرسشنامه استرس والد ناشی از تکلیف شب و مقیاس استرس درک شده را تکمیل نمودند. داده­ها، با استفاده از آزمون­های نا پارامتری من ویتنی و ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.
یافته‌ها: میزان استرس دانش­آموزان با تکلیف شب به طور معنی­داری بیشتر از میزان استرس دانش­آموزان بدون تکلیف شب بود (039/0=p). همچنین، میزان استرس والدین گروه با تکلیف شب بیشتر از والدین گروه بدون تکلیف شب بود (001/0>p). اما، والدین گروه بدون تکلیف شب، درک از استرس بیشتری نسبت به گروه دیگر داشتند (001/0>p).
نتیجه‌گیری: به نظر می­رسد تکلیف شب عاملی استرس­زا برای دانش­آموز و والدین آن‌هاست. از طرفی، والدین دانش­آموزان بدون تکلیف شب نیز از نوعی استرس نهفته رنج می­برند که شاید به دلیل عدم آگاهی از میزان آموخته­های فرزند خود باشد هرچند مطالعات بیشتر در این زمینه لازم است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of Homework in the Formation of Stress in Elementary School Students and their Parents in Rafsanjan in 2018

نویسندگان [English]

  • P Agha Mohammad Hasani 1
  • Z Zeinaddiny Meymand 2
  • MR Mokhtaree 3
  • S Arfaei 4
1 Assistant prof, Dept. of Psychiatry, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
2 Assistant prof, Dept. of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.
3 Ph.D. candidate, Dept. of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
4 Medical student, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: The homework, in addition to its positive effects on learning, can have negative effects on students' emotions, which have, in turn, a direct effect on parents' feelings, reactions, and emotions. This study aims to investigate the contribution of homework to the formation of stress in elementary school students and their parents.
Material and methods: In this descriptive study, 263 students were recruited from two groups of homework and non-homework schools by random sampling in Rafsanjan (2018). After informed consent, the students completed the Child's Inventory for Homework Stress, and their parents completed the Parent's Inventory for Homework Stress and Perceived Stress Scale. Data were analyzed by nonparametric tests, including Mann–Whitney U and Spearman coefficient.
Results: The stress of students with homework was higher than those without significantly (p=0.039). Additionally, the stress of parents was higher in the homework group than those in the non-homework group (p<0.001). However, the parents of the non-homework group had a greater perception of stress than the other group (p<0.001).
Conclusion:  It seems that homework is a stressful factor for both students and their parents. Also, parents of non-homework students suffer from some sort of latent stress, which may be due to the lack of awareness of what their children have learned.  Further studies are needed in the filed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Homework
  • Stress
  • Student
  • Parents
  • Rafsanjan

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